Distribution characteristics and indicator significance of Dechloranes in multi-matrices at Ny-lesund in the Arctic

In recent years, Dechloranes have been widely detected in the environment around the world.However, understanding and knowledge of Dechloranes in remote regions, such as the Arctic,remain lacking. Therefore, the concentrations of 5 Dechloranes in surface seawater, sediment,soil, moss, and dung collected from Ny-lesund in the Arctic were measured with the concentrations 93 pg/L, 342, 325, 1.4, and 258 pg/g, respectively, which were much lower than those in Asian and European regions. The mean ratios of anti-Dechlorane Plus(DP) to total DP(fanti) in seawater, sediment, soil, moss, dung, and atmospheric samples were 0.36, 0.21, 0.18,0.27, 0.66, and 0.43, respectively. Results suggested that the main source of DP in seawater,sediment, soil, and moss was long-range atmospheric transport. However, the ratio identified in dung was different, for which the migration behavior of the organism is probably the main source of DP.     

对马陵山地震台观测环境的分析

1　台站概况马陵山地震台位于郯城县城东北 2 0千米马陵山主峰西坡 ,地理坐标东经 1 1 8°2 7′2 1″,北纬34°4 2′8″ ,海拔 1 1 0米。台站位于沂沭断裂带内安丘———莒县断裂带东侧。台基岩石为白垩系紫红色砂岩、粉页岩 ,地层倾向东南 ,倾角 6 0°～ 70°。受断裂构造影响 ,台基岩石比较破碎。该台是海城地震后 ,根据国务院 6 9号文件为加强郯庐活动断裂地震监测与研究而设立的。 1 975年 3月建成 ,同年部分仪器投入观测 ,台站大部分仪器放置在部队开挖的备战坑道 ,坑道全长1 51 5米 ,洞内年温差小于 0 3℃ ,从环境上看是比较理想的。…     

变截面门式刚架结构极限承载力分析

采用变截面薄腹构件是门式刚架结构轻型化的主要措施之一。如何利用变截面薄腹构件的腹板屈曲后强度并同时保证构件乃至结构的安全度始终是门式刚架结构工程设计的重要内容。根据有效宽度法的基本思想,提出了相关屈曲系数概念,在变截面H钢构件双重非线性数值分析基础上获得的局部屈曲荷载拟合公式,应用于变宽度楔形腹板的有效宽度简化计算公式当中。应用改进后的有效宽度法,进行了变截面门式刚架结构考虑构件局部屈曲影响的极限承载力分析,探讨了腹板平均宽厚比、腹板楔率对结构极限承载力的影响,提出了对变截面门式刚架结构优化设计的工程建议,并具有工程指导意义。     

A HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING STUDY TO DETERMINE THE OPTIMUM WATER INTAKE LOCATION IN LAKE PALDANG,KOREA1

A three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model was applied to Lake Paldang, South Korea. The lake has three inflows, of which Kyoungan Stream has the smallest flow rate and poorest water quality. Since all drinking water intake stations are located near the confluence of Kyoungan Stream within the lake, this contaminated tributary may have a significant impact on the quality of drinking water sources. The optimum drinking water intake location was determined from the applied model. The model was calibrated and verified using the data measured under different hydrological conditions. The model results were in reasonable agreement with the field measurements in both calibration and verification. The circulation and spreading patterns of the incoming flows in the lake, as well as their composition ratios to the drinking water intakes were determined from the model, and three alternative intake locations were proposed. The simulation results suggested that the horizontal and vertical relocations of the intake aqueduct could significantly decrease the composition ratio of the contaminated water. From this study, it was concluded that the three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model could successfully simulate the temporal and spatial mixing patterns of incoming flows and become a useful tool in determining the optimum water intake location in Lake Paldang.     

纳米零价铁改性膜强化厌氧生物处理氯酚废水

针对厌氧生物技术处理氯酚废水驯化周期长和纳米零价铁易团聚的问题,采用压滤法制备纳米零价铁改性聚偏氟乙烯膜（nZVI@PVDF）,并将其与厌氧生物体系耦合处理氯酚废水,通过序批实验探究nZVI@PVDF对耦合体系脱氯、水解酸化、产甲烷阶段的影响.结果表明,48h内,包含3种不同nZVI负载量（0.075,0.15,0.3g）的nZVI@PVDF膜耦合体系的2-氯酚（2-CP）去除率分别为99%、97.6%和91.8%,而未添加nZVI@PVDF的对照组仅为62.7%;72h内耦合体系的COD去除率分别为88.2%、89.1%、89.4%,而对照组COD去除率为63.6%;耦合体系的顶空甲烷占比分别为25.16%、25.98%、26.80%,而对照组仅为16.82%.投加产甲烷抑制剂的条件下,nZVI@PVDF刺激了脂肪酸的生成.nZVI@PVDF促进了氯酚的脱氯、脂肪酸和甲烷的生成.     

铁元素对有机物厌氧降解的影响研究

不同价态的铁元素氧化还原性不同,对有机物的厌氧生物降解过程的影响也不同。以邻氟苯酚和硝基苯为目标污染物,投铁量为20～100mg／L的条件下,单质铁能加速硝基苯的厌氧降解,对2-氟酚降解的影响则很小;二价铁和三价铁对两种物质都表现出一定的抑制作用,投加浓度越高,抑制作用越明显。     

呼伦贝尔市陈巴尔虎旗生态示范区建设与可持续发展

本文阐明了呼伦贝尔市陈巴尔虎旗生态示范区建设的原则与目标;在生态功能分区基础上,指明生态示范区建设的发展方向,为陈旗生态示范区建设提供了发展对策.     

管制员不安全行为干预策略研究

为了制定科学合理的干预策略、防止由管制员导致的两机相撞等不安全事件发生,运用系统动力学方法(SD)构建了管制员不安全行为干预策略模型,以S空管站为例,运用Vensim软件仿真模拟不同安全奖惩政策对管制员不安全行为的干预结果。结果表明:安全奖励政策可以有效干预管制员的差错行为,安全惩罚政策可以有效干预管制员的违章行为;高强度奖励政策-中强度惩罚政策组合干预效果最佳,即当对管制员奖励强度达管制员月薪的3.2倍,惩罚强度达管制员月薪的0.82倍,管制员不安全行为造成的不安全事件率能够降低85.6%。     

近60 a来长江干流输沙量变化及原因分析

根据长江干流宜昌、汉口、大通3个站点1954~2013年的输沙量数据,采用有序聚类和泥沙归因诊断分析等方法分析了3个站点输沙量时间序列的跳跃点以及降水、产流、产沙等各因素在输沙量变化中的贡献和作用。分析结果表明：3个站点的输沙量均存在明显的跳跃点,在跳跃点前后,输沙量出现较大幅度的下降,产沙能力的下降对输沙量比例变化率的贡献超过90%。人类活动造成的水库总库容量变化和长江流域植被覆盖度变化是造成长江干流输沙量变化的主要原因。结果表明：1985~2000年相比1954~1984年输沙量下降的585%、2001~2013年相比1985~2000年输沙量下降的831%是由于水库建设所造成。研究时段内流域植被覆盖度呈现先下降后上升的趋势。与1954~1984年相比,1985~2000年长江流域植被覆盖度下降,造成的输沙量变化为输沙量实际下降的 -436%,与1985~2000年相比,2001~2013年长江流域植被覆盖度上升,造成的输沙量下降贡献了输沙量实际下降的180%。 关键词： 长江;输沙量;突变点;人类活动     

快速评估近岸海洋水体与沉积物中E.coli与S.aureus抗生素抗性水平的新方法

随着抗生素抗性污染日益严重,快速评估环境中典型病原菌与条件性致病菌的抗生素抗性水平,对掌握区域环境抗生素抗性污染状况、揭示抗性污染传播规律至关重要。通过以最低抑菌浓度浸入抗生素改进MI、VJ培养基,并结合滤膜法,建立了针对近岸海洋环境中指示性病原微生物大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)与金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus,S.aureus)的抗生素抗性监测方法。水体和沉积物样品抗生素抗性水平评估实验结果显示,该方法具有较好重现性(水体和沉积物中E.coli和S.aureus抗生素抗性水平的相对标准偏差分别为11%、8%)与准确度(水体和沉积物中E.coli和S.aureus的平均回收率分别为83.5%、68.4%;相对于CLSI药敏试验的偏离度为±0.1)。且与CLSI药敏实验相比,该方法过程简便、耗时短(36 h/84 h),能最大限度节约经济和人员成本提高抗性评价效率。应用该方法评估辽河口与莱州湾环境中2种病原微生物磺胺类抗生素抗性水平,结果显示辽河口水体中E.coli和S.aureus磺胺二甲嘧啶的平均抗性率分别为27.0%、28.4%,沉积物中分别为35.5%、34.6%;莱州湾水体中E.coli和S.aureus磺胺二甲嘧啶的平均抗性率分别为26.0%、14.5%,沉积物中分别为12.0%、32.9%。该方法适用于河口、近岸海洋及入海排污口水体与沉积物样品中E.coli与S.aureus的快速分析及抗生素抗性水平评估。