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51.
R. Allen Brooks Martha S. Nizinski Steve W. Ross Kenneth J. Sulak 《Marine Biology》2007,152(2):307-314
The occurrence and relative abundance of tissue (arm) regeneration in the ophiuroid, Ophiacantha bidentata (Retzius), was examined in individuals collected primarily among colonies of the deep-water coral Lophelia pertusa off the southeastern United States. Seven deep-water coral sites (384–756 m), located between Cape Lookout, NC, and Cape
Canaveral, FL, were sampled in June 2004 using a manned submersible. The presence of regenerative tissue was evaluated by
visual inspection of each individual ophiuroid, and the proportion of regenerating arms per individual was examined relative
to size of individual, geographic location, and depth of collection. Ophiacantha bidentata, the dominant brittle star collected, commonly displayed signs of sublethal injury with over 60% of individuals displaying
some evidence of regeneration. These levels of regeneration rival those reported for shallow-water ophiuroids. Larger individuals
(>6.5 mm disc size) had a higher incidence of regeneration than smaller individuals. Size of individual and percent of regeneration
were negatively correlated with depth. Although O. bidentata was significantly less abundant in southern versus northern sites, ophiuroid abundance did not appear to be influenced by
amount or density of coral substratum. Presence of dense aggregations of O. bidentata indicates that they are an important component of the invertebrate assemblage associated with deep-water coral habitat especially
in the northern part of the study area. Assuming that observed frequencies of injury and subsequent regeneration represent
predation events then dense ophiuroid aggregations in deep-water coral habitats represent an important renewable trophic resource
within these communities. 相似文献
52.
Steve Holehouse 《生态毒理学报》1999,21(2)
1994年7月,环境部长代表新西兰政府宣布了要实施的一揽子措施,以确保该国能兑现它对它在1993年批准的<气候变化框架公约>(FCCC)的承诺.与钢铁制造等能源密集型工业特别有关的是开展关于CO2削减的志愿协议的建议.1995年2月,公布了建立与报道志愿协议的技术指导准则.这些是一个政府牵头的工作组的结果,该组包括工业界和部门代表以及能效与节能局及其它政府部委的工作人员.1995年9月,BHP新西兰钢材公司总经理和8家其它公司的首席执行官以及代表新西兰主要工业部门的行业团体,与能源部签署了它们的志愿协议.BHP新西兰钢材公司的协议代表一种要采取行动来限制其CO2排放的高层次公开与志愿承诺. 相似文献
53.
54.
Page D Miotliński K Dillon P Taylor R Wakelin S Levett K Barry K Pavelic P 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(10):2410-2418
A changing climate and increasing urbanisation has driven interest in the use of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) schemes as an environmental management tool to supplement conventional water resources. This study focuses on ASR with stormwater in a low permeability fractured rock aquifer and the selection of water treatment methods to prevent well clogging. In this study two different injection and recovery phases were trialed. In the first phase ~1380 m(3) of potable water was injected and recovered over four cycles. In the second phase ~3300 m(3) of treated stormwater was injected and ~2410 m(3) were subsequently recovered over three cycles. Due to the success of the potable water injection cycles, its water quality was used to set pre-treatment targets for harvested urban stormwater of ≤ 0.6 NTU turbidity, ≤ 1.7 mg/L dissolved organic carbon and ≤ 0.2 mg/L biodegradable dissolved organic carbon. A range of potential ASR pre-treatment options were subsequently evaluated resulting in the adoption of an ultrafiltration/granular activated carbon system to remove suspended solids and nutrients which cause physical and biological clogging. ASR cycle testing with potable water and treated stormwater demonstrated that urban stormwater containing variable turbidity (mean 5.5 NTU) and organic carbon (mean 8.3 mg/L) concentrations before treatment could be injected into a low transmissivity fractured rock aquifer and recovered for irrigation supplies. A small decline in permeability of the formation in the vicinity of the injection well was apparent even with high quality water that met turbidity and DOC but could not consistently achieve the BDOC criteria. 相似文献
55.
Colin Scott Steve E. Lewis Rob Milla Matthew C. Taylor Andrew J.W. Rodgers Geoff Dumsday Jon E. Brodie John G. Oakeshott Robyn J. Russell 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(10):2075-2078
Herbicide contamination from agriculture is a major issue worldwide, and has been identified as a threat to freshwater and marine environments in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area in Australia. The triazine herbicides are of particular concern because of potential adverse effects, both on photosynthetic organisms and upon vertebrate development. To date a number of bioremediation strategies have been proposed for triazine herbicides, but are unlikely to be implemented due to their reliance upon the release of genetically modified organisms. We propose an alternative strategy using a free-enzyme bioremediant, which is unconstrained by the issues surrounding the use of live organisms. Here we report an initial field trial with an enzyme-based product, demonstrating that the technology is technically capable of remediating water bodies contaminated with the most common triazine herbicide, atrazine. 相似文献
56.
Gyamfi Bright Akwasi Sarpong Steve Yaw Bein Murad A. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(9):11016-11029
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The debate on ecological matters that relate to the biomass emissions nexus has gained prominence and different scholars have suggested various forms... 相似文献
57.
Steve Rayner 《Environmental Hazards》2013,12(2):165-172
This paper argues that the rise of risk and formal risk assessment has contributed to the demise of representative democratic politics by displacing public discourses about values with technical justifications for decision making. Furthermore, risk plays a central role in the displacement of governmental responsibility to private sector and NGO actors at the same time as facilitating government control over citizens—the Janus faces1 of governance and governmentality. Arguing that the turn to public participation cannot be the panacea for the present situation, the paper concludes by calling for revitalisation of representative institutions, the development of real-time technology assessment and development of popular connoisseurship of science and technology. 相似文献
58.
Effects of flow regimes altered by dams on survival, population declines, and range-wide losses of California river-breeding frogs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kupferberg SJ Palen WJ Lind AJ Bobzien S Catenazzi A Drennan J Power ME 《Conservation biology》2012,26(3):513-524
Widespread alteration of natural hydrologic patterns by large dams combined with peak demands for power and water delivery during summer months have resulted in frequent aseasonal flow pulses in rivers of western North America. Native species in these ecosystems have evolved with predictable annual flood-drought cycles; thus, their likelihood of persistence may decrease in response to disruption of the seasonal synchrony between stable low-flow conditions and reproduction. We evaluated whether altered flow regimes affected 2 native frogs in California and Oregon (U.S.A.) at 4 spatial and temporal extents. We examined changes in species distribution over approximately 50 years, current population density in 11 regulated and 16 unregulated rivers, temporal trends in abundance among populations occupying rivers with different hydrologic histories, and within-year patterns of survival relative to seasonal hydrology. The foothill yellow-legged frog (Rana boylii), which breeds only in flowing water, is more likely to be absent downstream of large dams than in free-flowing rivers, and breeding populations are on average 5 times smaller in regulated rivers than in unregulated rivers. Time series data (range = 8 - 19 years) from 5 populations of yellow-legged frogs and 2 populations of California red-legged frogs (R. draytonii) across a gradient of natural to highly artificial timing and magnitude of flooding indicate that variability of flows in spring and summer is strongly correlated with high mortality of early life stages and subsequent decreases in densities of adult females. Flow management that better mimics natural flow timing is likely to promote persistence of these species and others with similar phenology. 相似文献
59.
The polar bear (Ursus maritimus) depends on sea ice for feeding, breeding, and movement. Significant reductions in Arctic sea ice are forecast to continue because of climate warming. We evaluated the impacts of climate change on polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea by means of a demographic analysis, combining deterministic, stochastic, environment-dependent matrix population models with forecasts of future sea ice conditions from IPCC general circulation models (GCMs). The matrix population models classified individuals by age and breeding status; mothers and dependent cubs were treated as units. Parameter estimates were obtained from a capture-recapture study conducted from 2001 to 2006. Candidate statistical models allowed vital rates to vary with time and as functions of a sea ice covariate. Model averaging was used to produce the vital rate estimates, and a parametric bootstrap procedure was used to quantify model selection and parameter estimation uncertainty. Deterministic models projected population growth in years with more extensive ice coverage (2001-2003) and population decline in years with less ice coverage (2004-2005). LTRE (life table response experiment) analysis showed that the reduction in lambda in years with low sea ice was due primarily to reduced adult female survival, and secondarily to reduced breeding. A stochastic model with two environmental states, good and poor sea ice conditions, projected a declining stochastic growth rate, log lambdas, as the frequency of poor ice years increased. The observed frequency of poor ice years since 1979 would imply log lambdas approximately - 0.01, which agrees with available (albeit crude) observations of population size. The stochastic model was linked to a set of 10 GCMs compiled by the IPCC; the models were chosen for their ability to reproduce historical observations of sea ice and were forced with "business as usual" (A1B) greenhouse gas emissions. The resulting stochastic population projections showed drastic declines in the polar bear population by the end of the 21st century. These projections were instrumental in the decision to list the polar bear as a threatened species under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. 相似文献
60.
Jones S 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2008,99(1):1-6
The autumn of 2007 has seen the fiftieth anniversary of two separate events that were of great importance both for the worldwide nuclear industry and for the science of radioecology. This short article marks this anniversary by briefly reviewing the causes, releases, impacts and legacies of both the Kyshtym accident of September 1957 and the Windscale accident of October 1957. 相似文献