武汉市城区热岛效应的遥感研究

随着城市化的迅速发展，城市热岛效应及其所带来的问题对我们日常的生产生活的影响变得日益严重和不可忽视。如何快速、有效地监测城市热场的分布和强度，是解决城市环境问题的迫切需要。采用先进的遥感手段，能够大面积、同步和动态地监测地面热场的分布和变化情况。利用武汉市地区的LANDSAl7 TM图像，对于热红外波段遥感图像灰度值和地面温度之间的关系进行了定量的解译，并且采用IHS图像复合增强的方法得到了武汉市地面热场分布图。取得了很好的模拟效果。结果显示武汉地区热场的分布具有明显的规律性，区域平均温度的分布由高到低为：旧型工业区-新型工业区-老城区-新城区-郊区；城市地面结构对于区域温度有直接的影响；保护现有的水体和增加绿地的分布是缓解城市热岛效应的有效途径。此外还结合图像分析了热场分布的形成因素。     

厌氧条件下硝基苯降解的可行性研究

本文研究了在厌氧条件下硝基苯降解成低级产物甲烷等的可行性,对几种降解途径进行了热力学计算,通过计算和实验,得出硝基苯在厌氧条件下可以降解为甲烷等低级产物。     

Modelling adsorption of phosphate by soils while the solution concentration decreased with sorption

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作用于斜坡结构物上海冰荷载的二维计算

海冰荷载是结冰海区海洋工程结构物设计的控制荷载，当结构物迎冰面具有倾斜表面时，海冰将发生弯曲破坏，从而大大降低海冰荷载值。本文针对一个单位宽度的简单斜坡结构物，分析冰板作用于斜坡结构时的破坏机理，提出基本假定，建立一个通用的二维计算模式，并对给定的工程结构物的海冰设计条件进行海冰荷载计算，给出了作用于斜坡结构上的冰荷载值。     

反硝化聚磷机理试验

通过实验研究缺氧反硝化聚磷 ,揭示DPB细菌在厌氧和缺氧交替环境下的厌氧释磷、缺氧反硝化吸磷及CODCr变化规律。结果表明 ,DPB细菌在缺氧条件下可利用NO-3 作最终电子受体进行吸磷 ,其吸磷效果及反硝化速率高于常规脱氮除磷工艺。     

HSE管理体系绩效评估方法研究

通过分析HSE管理体系关键要素,结合模糊数学综合评判的理论和量化评估的思想,建立模糊数学量化评估模型。引入定量化的手段,反映企业实施HSE管理体系的绩效情况并判断其优劣。该评估方法可对HSE管理体系的运行状态进行客观全面的评价,为企业的管理工作指明方向。     

应用Excel模拟高斯烟团模式计算危险气体泄漏

当今由危险气体泄露引发的火灾、爆炸及中毒等恶性环境污染事件已屡见不鲜,人们也已认识到其巨大的危害性,因此在生产和运输过程中进行危险气体环境风险评价是十分必要的。关于危险性气体泄漏扩散模型有许多,但是目前常用的主要是比较成熟的高斯模型。本文在研究危险气体事故泄漏的扩散模式的基础上,利用Excel强大的数据处理功能对常用的高斯烟团模式进行模拟计算。这种方法大大减小了计算量,缩短了工作时间,可为环境风险评价管理、风险工程设计、风险责任保险等领域及应急计划制定、事故抢险工作实施提供有效的工具。     

Fog composition along the Yangtze River basin: Detecting emission sources of pollutants in fog water

To investigate the fog chemistry along the Yangtze River basin, a field observation experiment was performed from Shanghai to Wuhan during November 2015. Fifteen fog water samples were collected by using a three-stage Caltech Active Strand Cloud water Collector(CASCC). The three-stage CASCC was mounted on the board of a ship. PH, electrical conductivity(EC), H_2O_2,HCHO, S(IV), ten inorganic ions, seven organicacids and sixteen trace metal elements were measured in this study. The p H of fog water samples ranged from weakly acidic(pH 4.3) to weakly alkaline(pH 7.05) and the EC ranged from 32.4 to 436.3 μS/cm. The main cations in fog water were NH+4 and Ca~(2+), accounting for 12.35% and 29.07% of those inorganic ions,respectively. In addition, SO_4~(2-) and NO_(-3) contributed to 25.52% and 12.93% to total anion concentrations respectively. Moreover, the dominant kinds of organicacids were formate and oxalate, occupying 45.28% and 28.03% of the total organicacids, respectively. For trace metal elements in fog samples, Al, Fe, Zn, and Ba revealed 34.6%, 16.4%, 19.3%, and 20.9%contributions to these sixteen trace element concentrations, respectively. The results indicated that pollutants were mainly from human activities, including fossil fuel combustion,biomass burning, steel-making, stone quarrying and sand digging. Besides, natural sources including natural background levels and long-range transport of sea salt particles also aggravated the pollution levels in the fog events along the Yangtze River.     

环渤海海冰弯曲强度影响因素分析

本文根据多年环渤海海冰弯曲强度试验结果，分析了诸单因子对海冰弯曲强度的影响，并给出了各海区海冰弯曲强度设计值，海冰的弯曲强度随着应力速度的增加，经过延性，过渡和脆性三个阶段，在过渡区，海冰的弯曲强度达到最大值。随冰温的降低和冰中盐水体积减少，海冰的湾曲强度增大。     

Municipal solid waste management in Beijing City

This paper presents an overview of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Beijing City. Beijing, the capital of China, has a land area of approximately 1368.32 km² with an urban population of about 13.33 million in 2006. Over the past three decades, MSW generation in Beijing City has increased tremendously from 1.04 million tons in 1978 to 4.134 million tons in 2006. The average generation rate of MSW in 2006 was 0.85 kg/capita/day. Food waste comprised 63.39%, followed by paper (11.07%), plastics (12.7%) and dust (5.78%). While all other wastes including tiles, textiles, glass, metals and wood accounted for less than 3%. Currently, 90% of MSW generated in Beijing is landfilled, 8% is incinerated and 2% is composted. Source separation collection, as a waste reduction method, has been carried out in a total of 2255 demonstration residential and commercial areas (covering about 4.7 million people) up to the end of 2007. Demonstration districts should be promoted over a wider range instead of demonstration communities. The capacity of transfer stations and treatment plants is an urgent problem as these sites are seriously overloaded. These problems should first be solved by constructing more sites and converting to new treatment technologies. Improvements in legislation, public education and the management of waste pickers are problematic issues which need to be addressed.