软锰矿浆烟气同步脱硫脱硝资源化利用新工艺

燃煤烟气中的SO2和NOx是大气中重要的污染物,开发高效、经济的同步脱硫脱硝技术是环保领域的研究热点。针对现有同步脱硫脱硝技术存在的氧化剂成本较高和产物不能资源化利用等突出问题,提出了软锰矿浆烟气同步脱硫脱硝,并副产硫酸锰和硝酸锰的资源化新工艺。研究结果表明:软锰矿浆可以有效的脱除烟气中的SO2和NOx,反应产物分别为硫酸锰和硝酸锰。在烟道中注入臭氧,将难溶于水的NO快速氧化为NO2,可大大提高脱硝效率,在O3/NO=1.2的条件下可以达到72%的脱硝率、90%的脱硫率和85%的锰浸出率;吸收液经过空气氧化除铁和加入铜试剂除重金属后,结晶分离溶液得到的硫酸锰和硝酸锰可分别达到HG/T 2962—1999标准的硫酸锰产品和HG/T 3817—2006标准的工业硝酸锰产品要求。该工艺实现了SO2和NOx污染治理与低品位软锰矿资源化利用的双重目的,为SO2和NOx的资源化污染治理技术的开发和应用提供了新的思路。     

北方冬季农村供暖对PM2.5的影响及解决方案研究

为研究北方冬季农村供暖对PM2.5的影响,我们在北方的部分乡镇农村进行了为期一年半的调查走访,结果表明,北方冬季农村供暖用煤总量大,利用效率低,其生活用煤产生的烟尘总量相当于工业用煤的2.7倍,加之村落人口密集,室内通风条件差,故现有的供暖形式对人体健康危害很大。针对供暖方式的研究,我们提出了在农村推行集中供暖的方案。     

局地化工区污染案例的小气候特征分析研究

针对群众举报夜晚受不明气体污染中毒的两起事件,经过环保部门的现场勘查及监测,确定造成纺织厂污染的大气污染物为HCl气体,来自于纺织厂隔壁的农药厂装盐酸的空罐、罐区受污染的固体废弃物及受污染的土壤;助剂厂附近村民所受的污染物为HNO3、NO2和NOx气体,来自于助剂厂装硝酸的空罐、跑冒滴漏的废水废气、固体废弃物及受污染的土壤。夜晚气温降到露点,空气湿度达到饱和状态,气体污染物与空气中的水分结合形成对人体危害更重的酸或酸性气体;这两个工厂又都位于鸭绿江边的化工区内,具有局地小气候特征,夜晚易形成类似于海陆风的微风,形成局地污染。     

森林碳汇功能的研究进展

因全球温室效应和气候变化影响,以及森林对CO2的固定作用,使林业碳汇得到了世界各国的广泛支持和发展。文章主要围绕森林植被碳汇、土壤碳汇研究现状,森林碳汇功能的不确定性以及森林管理与碳汇的关系4个方面对国内外森林碳汇的研究进展简要综述,为森林碳汇的科学研究提供基础。     

两株高效芘降解菌对土壤中芘的降解研究

研究了芘的高效降解菌株在土壤环境中对芘降解情况,主要结论如下:(1)芽孢杆菌B6和假单孢菌B17在土壤中仍对芘具有较强的降解能力,在10 d时对芘降解率达到最大值,降解率依次为24.45%和18.77%;(2)接入菌株后,土壤中过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶的活性变化不显著;(3)使用利福平抗性细菌研究了菌株的定殖状况,结果表明由于土壤恶劣的环境条件,使定殖菌量偏低,但2种菌株在土壤中仍具有一定的定殖能力。且菌株B6在土壤中增殖能力强于菌株B17。     

寓资源环境保护于发展之中

本文从四个方面阐述了中国的环境与发展问题。要改善中国目前生态状况的关键在于树立生态道德观念，扭转贫困地区的面貌，寓资源环境保护于发展之中。     

Biogenic VOCs emission inventory development of temperate grassland vegetation in Xilin River basin, Inner Mongolia, China

Given the key role of biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs) to tropospheric chemistry and regional air quality, it is important to generate accurateVOCs emission inventories. However, only a less fraction of plant species, in temperate grassland of Inner Mongolia, has been characterized by quantitative measurements. A taxonomic methodology, which assigns VOCs measurements to unmeasured species, is an applicable and inexpensive alternation for extensive VOCs emission survey, although data are needed for additional plant families and genera to further validate the taxonomic approach in grassland vegetation. In this experiment, VOCs emission rates of 178 plant species were measured with a portable photoionization detector( PID). The results showed the most of genera and some families have consistent feature of their VOCs emission, especially for isoprene, and provide the basic premise of taxonomic methodology to develop VOCs emission inventories for temperate grassland. Then, the taxonomic methodology was introduced into assigning emission rate to other 96 species, which no measured emission rates available here. A systematical emission inventory of temperate grassland vegetation in Inner Mongolia was provided and further evidence that taxonomy relationship can serve as a useful guide for generalizing the emissions behavior of many, but not all, plant families and genera to grassland vegetation.     

城市生活垃圾处理技术探讨

针对城市垃圾的迅速增长．垃圾污染问题异常尖锐的问题．介绍了中国城市生活垃圾的处理技术应用现状．分析了垃圾处理存在的一些问题．对目前常用的城市生活垃圾处理方法的优缺点进行对比分析，并提出了在未来一段时间里生活垃圾处理技术的研究方向，要彻底解决垃圾问题，仅靠各种处理技术是不够的．必须完善法律、法规；改进管理方法．加强环境监测；加大科技投入，提高技术装备水平；增加资金投入；加强宣传等。     

Volatilization of heavy metals during incineration of municipal solid wastes

Incineration experiments with MSW, which had been impregnated with heavy metals, were presented to obtain information on the volatilization behavior of the elements cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) under different conditions. Experiments were carried out in a bubbling fluid bed system connected to a customized inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES) for analyzing metals in the flue gas. The results indicated that the combustion temperature, the gas atmosphere, and the chlorine content in the flue gas could affect the volatilization behavior of heavy metals. In the fluidized bed combustion, a large surface area was provided by the bed sand particles, and they may act as absorbents for the gaseous ash-forming compound. Comparer with the metals Cd and Pb, the vaporization of Zn was low. The formation of stable compounds such as ZnO.Al2O3 could greatly decrease the metals volatilization. The presence of chlorine would enhance the volatilization of heavy metals by increasing the formation of metal chlorides. However, when the oxygen content was high, the chlorinating reaction was kinetically hindered, which heavy metals release would be delayed.     

Bioavailability of bound residue derived from 14C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soil and its mechanism of phytotoxicity

The bioavailability of bound residue(BR) derived from ^14C-labeled chlorsulfuron in soil and effect of the main components of the BR on growth of rape( brassica napus) and rice( Oryza sativa L. ) were investigated. The results showed that the BR with the concentration of 0.28 and 0.56 nmol/g air-dried soil, which was calculated by special radioactivity of ^14C-labeled chlorsulfuron parent compound, resulted in significant depression effect on growth of rape seedling. It was assured that the main components(2-amino-4-methoxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-amino-4-hydroxyl-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, and 2-chloro-benzenesul-fonamide) of the BR did not inhibit the growth of rape and rice. LC-MS analysis demonstrated that the parent compound previously bound to the soil matrix could be again released and transformed into methanol-extractable residue during the course of rape growth. It was concluded that the molecular leading to the phytotoxicity to rape and rice in the BR is still the parent compound.