酿造废水处理的优化工艺组合

酿造废水属于高浓度有机废水，要将其处理达到排放标准，必须经过多种处理工艺的组合才能办到。通过物化处理、生化处理的实验室研究，我们得出了资源化和净化相结合的优化工艺组合，使酿酒废水的排放达到规定的排放标准，且运行费用和收益基本持平，解决了环保工程与经济效益间的矛盾。     

楼板对钢筋混凝土框架结构受力性能影响

汶川8级地震震害调查发现,这次地震中现浇钢筋混凝土框架结构多发生"强梁弱柱"型破坏,这与规范中"强柱弱梁"抗震设计原则相悖。为探究其原因,采用ABAQUS软件对钢筋混凝土带楼板框架和空框架结构进行了侧向加载情况的性能分析。通过对比纵向梁端钢筋应力变化和柱端钢筋应力变化,以及分析不同侧向位移对应的楼板钢筋的应力变化情况,指出楼板对梁端抗负弯矩能力的增强有很大贡献。研究了节点类型、楼板钢筋材性、侧向位移、梁高、梁跨和板厚等因素对纵向梁端处楼板有效宽度的影响规律,提出了负弯矩作用下梁端处楼板有效宽度的取值方法。     

共基质下微生物燃料电池同步脱色甲基橙与产电性能

采用双室方形微生物燃料电池(MFC),以葡萄糖作为共基质,研究了共基质浓度对典型偶氮染料甲基橙在MFC阳极室中脱色效率及同步产电的影响。结果表明,在0~1.5 g/L浓度范围内,共基质浓度越大,甲基橙脱色率、COD去除率和最大输出电压越高。在共基质浓度为1.5 g/L,进水甲基橙为300 mg/L的条件下,8 h的脱色率高达95%,且在1 000 Ω外电阻下,最大输出电压达到662 mV;在无共基质条件下,8 h内对300 mg/L甲基橙的脱色率仅为7.5%,最大输出电压仅达到140 mV。厌氧对照实验表明,甲基橙在MFC中可以实现加速脱色,反应8 h后甲基橙在MFC中的脱色率提高了57%。该研究为开发新型MFC降解偶氮染料废水技术提供了理论依据。     

颗粒计数法在高锰酸钾强化常规工艺运行优化中的应用

以引黄水库水为实验原水,通过颗粒计数和浊度的联用检测优化评估了高锰酸钾强化常规处理工艺中的各制水环节的处理效果。结果表明,絮凝出水>10 μm颗粒数和过滤出水2~7 μm颗粒数的可作为水厂运行管理的依据,滤后水的颗粒物数量变化比浊度更灵敏准确地反映滤池运行状况;在高锰酸钾强化预处理的最佳投加量为0.8 mg/L时,原常规工艺沉淀对颗粒总数的去除率提高20.55%,滤后颗粒总数减少56.40%,显著降低了"两虫"穿透滤池的风险。     

吴忠市新灌区生态经济类型

本文应用主分量分析法,对吴忠新灌区生态经济类型进行了初步划分与研究。分析结果表明,该区可划分为五个明显不同的生态经济类型区,各区的生态条件、经济、环境均存在较大差异,故此,在制定其发展方向及开发措施时,应区别对待。     

Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

•Harbin showed relatively high threshold RH (80%) for apparent increase of SOR. •The observed SOR were at the lower end of the ratios from Beijing’s winter. •Temperature-dependent increase of NOR was sharper than that of SOR. • NOR increased with stronger biomass burning impact but SOR was largely unchanged. Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) was investigated during a six-month long heating season in Harbin, China. Enhanced sulfate formation was observed at high relative humidity (RH), with the same threshold RH (80%) for both colder and warmer measurement periods. Compared to wintertime results from Beijing, the threshold RH was considerably higher in Harbin, whereas the RH-dependent enhancement of sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) was less significant. In addition, the high RH events were rarely encountered, and for other periods, the SOR were typically as low as ~0.1. Therefore, the sulfate formation was considered inefficient in this study. After excluding the several cases with high RH, both SOR and the nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) exhibited increasing trends as the temperature increased, with the increase of NOR being sharper. The nitrate to sulfate ratio tended to increase with increasing temperature as well. Based on a semi-quantitative approach, this trend was attributed primarily to the temperature-dependent variations of precursors including SO₂ and NO₂. The influence of biomass burning emissions on SIA formation was also evident. With stronger impact of biomass burning, an enhancement in NOR was observed whereas SOR was largely unchanged. The different patterns were identified as the dominant driver of the larger nitrate to sulfate ratios measured at higher concentrations of fine particulate matter.     

Prenatal air pollution exposure increases the risk of macrosomia: evidence from a prospective cohort study in the coastal area of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Effects of prenatal ambient air pollution exposure could increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, which have been well documented by various...     

新型BOD微生物传感流动注射检测仪的研制

研制采用微生物传感技术和流动分析技术来快速测定BOD的仪器。主要技术性能:测量周期为15min;误差率<5%;偏差<5%。通过对国家标准样品和不同水质污水的测试表明,其具有自动化程度高,测量周期短的优点;准确度、稳定性均达到国家标准;且具有良好的适应性。     

煤矿区生态累积效应评价研究进展

煤炭开采活动的特点决定了其对矿区生态环境的影响具有明显的累积效应。在梳理生态累积效应概念和特征的基础上,结合煤矿区各类活动的特点综述了煤矿区生态累积效应的影响源、途径、效应及类型,并评述了目前国内外有关煤矿区生态累积效应的相关研究。目前针对煤矿区生态累积效应的研究仍十分有限,评价方法也尚不成熟。关于煤矿区的生态累积效应研究主要集中在效应评价方面,有关生态累积效应的发生机理、指标体系构建、评价方法学、管理规划及应对机制,是未来应加强的重点研究领域。     

Concentrations of sulphur and heavy metals in needles and rooting soils of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) trees growing along an urban–rural gradient in Guangzhou, China

Current (C) and previous year (C + 1) needles and soils (organic horizon, 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm mineral depth) of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) trees were sampled at four forested sites (Huang Pu industrial district, HP; South China Botanical Garden, BG; Mao Feng Mt., MF; and Nan Kun Mt., NK) in Guangzhou along a urban-rural gradient and analyzed for sulfur (S) and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pb) concentrations. Needle concentrations of all the elements were significantly higher at industrial HP than at other three sites, except for Cu and Pb which were highest at the traffic site (BG). The C + 1 needles generally had higher Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr than the C needles while the opposite was for Ni and S. Total and available Cd, Pb, Zn in soils peaked at the urban sites (HP and BG) and decreased at suburban MF and rural NK. Heavy metals were generally higher in the organic soils than in the mineral soils at all sites. Zinc and Pb at all sites, and Cd, S and Cu at the urban sites (HP and BG) in soils or pine needles were above or near their respective natural background levels, implying that threats resulted from these toxic elements occurred on local particularly urban forests, but did not for Cr and Ni due to their presence below their background values. Our results demonstrated that elements concentrations in needles and soils had reflected the variability of pollutants and the environmental quality change along the urban-rural transect, and were efficient as biomonitors to assess the influence of anthropogenic activities along the urbanization course on forest health.