艾比湖湿地不同水淹条件下土壤养分变化研究

为探明不同水淹条件对艾比湖湿地土壤养分含量的影响,文章以其东南部为研究区,根据遥感影像图将研究区划分为经常性水淹区、季节性水淹区、无湖水淹没区,对其研究区内27个采样点的81个土样中有机碳、速效磷、速效钾含量进行分析,揭示不同水淹条件下土壤养分的变化。研究表明:(1)研究区内土壤有机碳、速效磷、速效钾变异程度较高,属于中等变异。距湖远近影响下,含量逐渐增加,且变幅较大。各指标含量大小分别为无湖水淹没区>经常性水淹区>季节性水淹区;(2)垂直梯度上各指标含量呈现为0～20 cm>20～40 cm>40～60 cm,即随着土壤深度的不断增加,土壤有机碳、速效磷、速效钾含量随之减少。表层变化明显,土壤深度越深,含量变化幅度逐渐变小。(3)水分是影响土壤养分含量空间异质性的重要因素之一,空间分布上距离湖面越远,受到水淹条件影响越小,土壤养分含量会越多。各指标条带状较明显,含量自西南向东北呈逐渐增加趋势。(4)经常性水淹区水分与有机碳呈不显著正相关,与速效磷、速效钾呈显著负相关(p<0.05)。季节性水淹区水分与有机碳、速效磷、速效钾呈显著(p<0.05)和极...     

The role of infrastructure,socio-economic development,and food security to mitigate the loss of natural disasters

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study shows the impact of risk (hazard, exposure, and vulnerability) and resilience (infrastructure, information and communication technology,...     

典型石油城市道路积尘重金属污染及健康风险评价

从新疆典型石油城市克拉玛依市采集52个道路积尘样品,测定其中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb和Hg 6种重金属元素的含量,采用地质累积指数法与美国环境保护署(USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型,分析了道路积尘重金属污染及潜在健康风险。结果表明,克拉玛依市道路积尘中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、Hg的平均值分别为新疆土壤背景值的1.62、1.75、0.99、1.50、1.24、2.94倍,道路积尘中6种重金属元素的地质累积指数(I_(geo))平均值排序为HgAsCuPbCrCd。其中,Hg处于轻度污染,其他5种元素均处于无污染水平。总体上,As、Cu、Hg的I_(geo)从西北向东南呈减小趋势;Cd的I_(geo)空间分布较为离散,出现两个同心圆状分布格局;Pb、Cr的I_(geo)呈现均匀分布格局。健康风险评价结果表明,克拉玛依市道路积尘中重金属元素的非致癌风险及致癌风险均处于安全范围内,主要暴露途径为手-口摄入,儿童受到的健康风险高于成人,As是克拉玛依市道路积尘中最主要健康风险元素。     

Economic potential of recycling business in Lahore, Pakistan

The state of household waste recycling in Lahore city, Pakistan with a population of 7.2 million was analyzed. Data on solid waste recycling were gathered from residents of low-, middle- and high-income groups, as well as from scavengers and junkshops. The recycling activities in Lahore exert a significant impact on resource conservation, creation of jobs, provision of economic opportunity and reduction in the magnitude of waste disposal problems. A cost analysis is presented to show the income that can be generated through a well-planned recycling program. It is shown that 21.2% of all recyclable waste in Lahore is recycled, and it generates an amount of Rs. 271 million (US dollars 4.5 million) per year through the informal sector. However, if the recycling practice is owned by the formal sector, it can save an amount of Rs. 65 million by reducing the collection cost. If recycling is adopted as an industry, it can generate revenues of Rs. 530 million (US dollars 8.8 million) per year and can also save enormous amount of energy, as well as the natural resources.     

Exploring the feasibility of private micro flood insurance provision in Bangladesh

This paper aims to contribute to the debate on the feasibility of the provision of micro flood insurance as an effective tool for spreading disaster risks in developing countries and examines the role of the institutional-organisational framework in assisting the design and implementation of such a micro flood insurance market. In Bangladesh, a private insurance market for property damage and livelihood risk due to natural disasters does not exist. Private insurance companies are reluctant to embark on an evidently unprofitable venture. Testing two different institutional-organisational models, this research reveals that the administration costs of micro-insurance play an important part in determining the long-term viability of micro flood insurance schemes. A government-facilitated process to overcome the differences observed in this study between the nonprofit micro-credit providers and profit-oriented private insurance companies is needed, building on the particular competence each party brings to the development of a viable micro flood insurance market through a public-private partnership.     

Scavenging demeanor in Bahawalpur,Pakistan: social and health perspective

Social and health issues are now considered as an integral part of waste management system. Scavengers or waste pickers are the main victims in waste management sector. Objective of the cross sectional study carried out for a group of scavengers living in huts was to highlight the socio-demographic characteristic, working conditions and occupational health risks with main emphasis on relation of infectious disease prevalence and waste picking activity in Bahawalpur area. Of the 100 waste pickers and 100 non-waste pickers HIV was not detected in any participant, HBV was detected in 4 and 2 % and HCV in 28 and 6 % respectively. Considerable differences were observed in the detection rates of HCV (OR: 6.09, 95 % CI 2.4, 15.5; p = 0.000) and either markers (OR: 5.4, 95 % CI 2.35, 12.5; p = 0.000) in waste pickers compared to general population. The higher incidence of Hepatitis among waste pickers compared to non waste pickers is a function of their occupation, unhygienic living conditions, lack of immunization, ignorance and need of training regarding waste handling.     

克拉玛依市地表灰尘重金属污染及潜在生态风险评估

城市地表灰尘作为城市环境污染物载体,影响城市生态环境和人体健康.为探究绿洲城市地表灰尘重金属污染风险,从新疆克拉玛依市克拉玛依区采集52个地表灰尘样品,分析其中Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Cr和As等6种重金属元素含量,采用内梅罗综合污染指数(NPI)、潜在生态风险指数(RI)和生态风险预警指数(IER),对地表灰尘重金属...