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101.
Phylogeny and biogeography of Sicydiinae (Teleostei: Gobiidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear genes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
P. Keith C. Lord J. Lorion S. Watanabe K. Tsukamoto A. Couloux A. Dettai 《Marine Biology》2011,158(2):311-326
In the Indo-Pacific area, the Caribbean region and West Africa, insular systems are colonised by particular Gobiids of the
Sicydiinae subfamily. These species spawn in freshwater, the free embryos drift downstream to the sea where they undergo a
planktonic phase, before returning to rivers to grow and reproduce; an amphidromous lifestyle. These gobies are the biggest
contributors to the diversity of fish communities in insular systems and have the highest levels of endemism, yet their phylogeny
has not been explored before with molecular data. To understand the phylogeny and the biogeography of this subfamily, sequences
from the mitochondrial 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase I and from the nuclear rhodopsin gene were obtained for 50 Sicydiinae
specimens of seven genera. Our results support the monophyly of the subfamily and of all the genera except Sicyopus, which is polyphyletic. Five major clades were identified within this subfamily. One clade clusters Sicyopterus and Sicydium as sister genera, one contains the genus Stiphodon split into two different groups, two other clades include only Sicyopus (Smilosicyopus) and Cotylopus, respectively, and the last clade groups Akihito, Lentipes and Sicyopus (Sicyopus). As a result, the subgenus Smilosicyopus is elevated herein as a genus. A molecular dating approach helps the interpretation of these phylogenetic results in terms
of amphidromy and biogeographical events that have allowed the Sicydiinae to colonise the Indo-Pacific, West African and Caribbean
islands. 相似文献
102.
Katsutoshi Ito Mana Nozaki Takashi Ohta Chiemi Miura Yuzuru Tozawa Takeshi Miura 《Marine Biology》2011,158(6):1211-1221
Polychaetes constitute most of the benthic macroinvertebrates in estuarine and coastal environments. We investigated the utilization
of organic matter in two polychaete species, Capitella sp. I and Perinereis nuntia brevicirris, living in different coastal habitats. The protease activity of Capitella sp. I (89.7 μg mg−1) was about 10 times that of P. nuntia brevicirris (8.0 μg mg−1). High cellulase (endo-β-1,4-glucanase) activity was detected in P. nuntia brevicirris (3.2 μg mg−1), whereas scarcely any was detected in Capitella sp. I. We isolated cDNA clones of protease mRNA from Capitella sp. I and of cellulase mRNA from P. nuntia brevicirris. The high protease activity of Capitella sp. I enabled it to survive in the sediment under a fish farm, where it degrades organic matter. In contrast, the high cellulase
activity of the estuary-dwelling P. nuntia brevicirris allowed it to degrade organic matter originating from terrestrial areas. 相似文献
103.
Chlorinated, nitrated, carboxylated or methylated benzenes, phenols and anilines reacted with chloramine to give cyanogen chloride, independently of the positions and the numbers of the substituents. Among these compounds, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol afforded cyanogen chloride in a relatively high yield of 13.3%, and the intermediates in the reaction were 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone-4-(N-chloro)imine and 4,6-dichloro-1,2-benzoquinone-2-(N-chloro)-imine, of which the latter was the main intermediate. 相似文献
104.
Jun Shishido Keiko Yoshii Yoshihiro Takubo Yoshiaki Okamoto Takeshi Yamamoto Yoshiko Kato Tsutomu Nishihara Masaomi Kondo 《Chemosphere》1984,13(2):339-349
An automated survey system on the chemicals in environments by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-computer system has been constructed of Three Dimensional Mass Chromatography, Modified Probability Based Matching method, and Self Training Interpretive and Retrieval method. And it was applied to analyze environmental materials, with interesting results. 相似文献
105.
Prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidies currently relies on invasive procedures such as chorionic villous sampling and amniocentesis. These methods can provide an accurate diagnosis of the fetal karyotype but are relatively invasive. Here, we report a case of the prenatal detection of triple X using fetal cells obtained by lavage of the endocervical canal prior to amniocentesis, following ultrasound diagnosis of hydrops fetalis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
106.
107.
Virgin female cabbage butterflies, Pieris rapae crucivora, accept and mate with courting males, whereas mated females reject them and assume the “mate refusal posture”. This study
tested whether the biogenic amines, serotonin (5HT), dopamine (DA), and octopamine (OA), were responsible for this change
in behavior. The results showed that 2–3-day-old virgin females fed with 5HT rejected courting males significantly more frequently
compared with controls fed on sucrose. In contrast, the proportions of courting males rejected by virgin females fed with
either DA or OA did not differ from sucrose-fed controls. Oral application of each amine resulted in significantly increased
levels of the amine applied (or its metabolite) in the brain. The results strongly suggest that 5HT or a 5HT metabolite may
be responsible for the post-mating change in behavioral response of 2–3-day-old virgin females to courting males. Similar
effects of 5HT treatment were observed in 6–8-day-old virgin females, but in this case the results were only marginally different
from the controls, suggesting that the effect may decline with increasing female age. 相似文献
108.
J. Furrer H. Deuber H. Hunsinger S. Kreisz A. Linek H. Seifert J. Sthr R. Ishikawa K Watanabe 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》1998,18(6-8)
Investigations were performed on the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of nitric oxide (NO) at TAMARA, the pilot-scale waste incineration plant of the Karlsruhe Research Center. Aqueous ammonia (NH3) was injected into the combustion chamber as reductant. The influence of NH3 on various inorganic and organic compounds in the flue gas was investigated. The concentrations of NO were reduced by up to about 90% by NH3 injection. The concentrations of most of the other inorganic and organic compounds, including in particular PCDD and PCDF, did not change significantly. 相似文献
109.
Combustion experiments in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor were conducted to elucidate the effects of copper chloride as a catalyst on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) formation in municipal waste incineration. We used model wastes with and without copper chloride (CuCl2 · 2H2O), both of which contained polyvinyl chloride as a chlorine source. Combustion temperature was set to 900 °C, and the amount of air supplied was twice the stoichiometric ratio. The experimental setup was carefully planned to suppress the influences of experimental conditions except the waste composition. Results of these experiments showed that copper chloride in the waste increased the amount of PCDDs formed and made the homologue profile to shift towards the highly chlorinated species. Copper chloride contributes to the PCDDs formation by promoting chlorination, whereby the reaction is important in that organic matter is chlorinated directly by copper compounds. Copper chloride did not exert a great influence on the isomer distribution patterns of PCDDs, while there appeared a significant difference in the case of PCDFs. This points out the difference of the major formation mechanisms between PCDDs and PCDFs. PCDDs are less formed by the catalytic reactions from carbon/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons than PCDFs in our experimental conditions. 相似文献
110.
Combustion of brominated flame retardants and behavior of its byproducts 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
Sakai S Watanabe J Honda Y Takatsuki H Aoki I Futamatsu M Shiozaki K 《Chemosphere》2001,42(5-7):519-531
The substance flow rate of PBDDs/DFs into flue gas and incineration residues from incineration of three types of waste samples containing brominated flame retardants were examined. The samples used consisted of PBDEs (a typical retardant), used TV casing materials (actual waste materials), and waste printed circuit boards. PBDDs/DFs concentrations in the experimental samples of PBDEs/PE, waste TV casing materials and printed circuit boards ranged between 3000 and 130,000 ng/g. These values are very high when compared to other investigations. The increase of chlorine concentration in input sample reduced the ratio of PBDDs/DFs in flue gas and raised the ratio of PCDDs/DFs. With adequate combustion control and flue gas treatment, the amount of PBDDs/DFs released from the incineration of resin containing brominated flame retardants was lower than the input amount. The presence of PBDDs/DFs in incineration residues dominated the total amount of dioxins released. When PBDDs/DFs, PCDDs/DFs and PXDDs/DFs were considered as a total, the total amount released was lower than the total amount input. 相似文献