混凝法处理锰矿选矿废水的试验研究

选取聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）和六水合氯化铁（FC）4种常用混凝剂,采用正交试验,以去浊率与去锰率作为综合评价指标,探讨了不同混凝剂处理锰矿选矿废水的效果及最佳混凝条件。结果表明：在以上混凝剂中,FC的混凝效果较差;PAM对锰矿选矿废水的处理效果最优,最佳的混凝条件为：处理500 ml的废水,投加1.5 ml的PAM,pH为7.0,搅拌后沉降20 min,废水经处理后去浊率与去锰率分别为96%、92%,其中废水的pH及投药量对混凝效果的影响较大。     

Simulated dynamics of carbon stocks driven by changes in land use, management and climate in a tropical moist ecosystem of Ghana

Sub-Saharan Africa is large and diverse with regions of food insecurity and high vulnerability to climate change. This project quantifies carbon stocks and fluxes in the humid forest zone of Ghana, as a part of an assessment in West Africa. The General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System (GEMS) was used to simulate the responses of natural and managed systems to projected scenarios of changes in climate, land use and cover, and nitrogen fertilization in the Assin district of Ghana. Model inputs included historical land use and cover data, historical climate records and projected climate changes, and national management inventories. Our results show that deforestation for crop production led to a loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) by 33% from 1900 to 2000. The results also show that the trend of carbon emissions from cropland in the 20th century will continue through the 21st century and will be increased under the projected warming and drying scenarios. Nitrogen (N) fertilization in agricultural systems could offset SOC loss by 6% with 30 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and by 11% with 60 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. To increase N fertilizer input would be one of the vital adaptive measures to ensure food security and maintain agricultural sustainability through the 21st century.     

蓝藻水华粗提物对小鼠肝脏HSP70,GRP78表达的影响

为研究在活体条件下自然水环境中蓝藻水华对生物体的毒性效应,将小鼠连续7d经灌胃暴露于不同浓度的蓝藻水华粗提物,通过western-blotting法测定小鼠肝组织中热应激蛋白HSP70、与内质网应激相关的GRP78、CHOP以及caspaser-12蛋白表达水平.结果显示,随着暴露浓度的提高,在最高浓度组,HSP70,GRP78的表达水平显著提高,但未见CHOP和caspaser-12表达的明显改变.研究结果表明,蓝藻水华粗提物使小鼠肝组织处于内质网应激状态.     

卫星遥感技术在空气点位布设评估工作中的应用研究

以苏州市为例,利用2013-2014年MODIS高分辨率大气气溶胶卫星遥感产品对国控空气监测点位布设调整方案进行评估论证,通过提取2 km和5km半径范围的PM2.5遥感观测数据,与现有国控布设点位的地面监测数据进行相关性分析后,确定卫星产品用于评估验证是可靠的;通过不同天气场下PM2.5月均值浓度分布的比较,表明调整后空气点位布设具有很好的代表性.     

微波协同氧化预处理垃圾渗滤液NF膜滤浓缩液研究

针对城市生活垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤液NF膜处理后产生的浓缩液处理难问题,采用微波协同氧化技术对其进行预处理,探讨了pH值、预反应时间、药剂用量、微波反应时间等因素对浓缩液CODcr及色度去除率的影响.结果表明:当pH=4,预反应时间60 min,药剂用量1g/l、微波反应时间3 min时,CODcr、色度的去除率分别为71.2%,80%.预处理后的出水CODcr及色度指标达到垃圾渗滤液现有生化处理系统的进水要求.     

Hexabromocyclododecane and tetrabromobisphenol A in sediments and paddy soils from Liaohe River Basin, China: Levels, distribution and mass inventory

Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) are two kinds of brominated flame retardants and widely present in the environment and biota. The levels,spatial distributions and mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA were investigated in sediments and paddy soils from the Liaohe River Basin in northeast China. The concentrations of ΣHBCD and TBBPA were in the range of not detected(nd) to 4.02 ng/g dry weight(dw) and 0.03 to 4.06 ng/g dw, respectively. γ-HBCD was dominated in sediments,while the abundance of α-HBCD was relatively high in paddy soils. The spatial distributions of HBCD and TBBPA in surface sediments and paddy soils indicated that the local point-input was their major source. The significant correlation between total organic carbon(TOC) contents and the HBCD levels suggested that TOC content also exerted an influence on the distribution of HBCD in sediments. Meanwhile, it was found that the irrigation with river water was not the major transportation pathway of HBCD and TBBPA in paddy soils. Based on the study, it was estimated that there were about 1.67 tons HBCD and 2.20 tons TBBPA deposited into sediments of the Liaohe River system every year. The total mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA in sediments were far higher than that in paddy soils.     

Growth inhibition and oxidative damage of Microcystis aeruginosa induced by crude extract of Sagittaria trifolia tubers

Aquatic macrophytes are considered to be promising in controlling harmful cyanobacterial blooms. In this research, an aqueous extract of Sagittaria trifolia tubers was prepared to study its inhibitory effect on Microcystis aeruginosa in the laboratory. Several physiological indices of M. aeruginosa, in response to the environmental stress, were analyzed. Results showed that S. trifolia tuber aqueous extract significantly inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa in a concentration-dependent way. The highest inhibition rate reached 90% after 6 day treatment. The Chlorophyll-a concentration of M. aeruginosa cells decreased from 343.1 to314.2 μg/L in the treatment group. The activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase and the content of reduced glutathione in M. aeruginosa cells initially increased as a response to the oxidative stress posed by S. trifolia tuber aqueous extract, but then decreased as time prolonged. The lipid peroxidation damage of the cyanobacterial cell membranes was reflected by the malondialdehyde level, which was notably higher in the treatment group compared with the controls. It was concluded that the oxidative damage of M. aeruginosa induced by S.trifolia tuber aqueous extract might be one of the mechanisms for the inhibitory effects.     

抗铅、镉菌株对土壤铅、镉生物有效性的影响

将从土壤中分离到的2株能同时耐铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)的抗性菌株(编号为H1和H2)分别接种至Pb、Cd污染的土壤中进行小白菜盆栽试验,研究2株抗性菌株对土壤Pb、Cd生物有效性的影响。结果表明:H1菌株可专一性的钝化交换态Cd,降幅为43.78%,并能显著促进小白菜地上部生长,与对照相比增产79.62%;H2菌可同时降低交换态Pb、Cd的比重,降幅分别为30.31%和27.61%,但小白菜产量与对照无显著差异。此外,与对照相比,接菌处理均能显著降低小白菜地上部Pb、Cd含量。     

震前小震调制比空间异常消失的映震能力研究

利用小震调制比方法的时空异常进行跟踪分析,通过对比发现,近几年震前小震调制比的空间异常变化与有感地震的发生具有一定的对应关系.进一步的分析研究认为,利用震前小震调制比的空间异常消失可进行有感地震甚至中强地震的地点预测.     

基于ArcIMS实现切片式WebGIS及其在地震应急中的应用

利用ArcIMS提供的地图服务功能,实现切片式WebGIS,从而可以获得更稳定、更快速的系统应用,以及更友好的用户体验。文章提出了以ArcIMS为基础实现切片式WebGIS的基本原理与思路,实现了所涉及的关键技术,主要包括:地图切片与实际地理坐标间的转换、地图切片的生成、地图切片的存储管理策略及网络发布与应用等。文章就基于切片式WebGIS实现地震应急指挥系统进行了简单的讨论,并且利用本文讨论的原理和方法,实现了地震应急日常运维管理系统,在实际工作中得到成功应用。