污水土地处理系统构造对水力特性影响研究

在污水土地处理系统的模型反应器中进行流态试验,使用停留时间分布(RTD)分析理论,探索反应器不同构造的水流流态。试验表明,升流式和降流式的反应器流态均接近推流;无因次平均停留时间分别为0.974和0.845。由于在整个水平过水断面上承托层的布水作用及集水层的集水作用,系统采用不同管网布设程度的布水和集水方式对流态的影响不大,体积效率均在90%以上。填料层高度对流态有一定影响,当高度为40 cm时流态最接近推流,水流的轴向扩散系数最小,其值为0.027,属于低扩散程度。     

磁分离技术在我国废水处理中的研究进展

本文介绍了磁分离技术的基本原理、分离方法和设备，综述了该技术在某些特定废水处理中的应用现状。磁分离技术的实际应用具有分离效率高、分离速度快、选择性好、处理对象广、成本低廉、分离物系的粒度可达到很小，并且不受处理体系的温度、密度、酸碱度限制等优点，可以使某些采用传统分离方法较难或不能分离的物系得以顺利地分离，有较为广泛的应用前景。     

室内甲醛污染影响因素的多元回归分析

本文在室内甲醛质量守恒定律基本公式合理推导的基础上,对影响甲醛浓度的主要因素做了正交实验。对实验数据进行多元回归分析,建立室内甲醛浓度预测模型。对模型做检验,检验结果表明,本文的预测模型能较好地预测室内空气中的甲醛浓度。     

油气田建设项目施工期环境监理探析

针对油气田建设项目的具体情况,对油气田建设项目施工期主要环境影响,包括钻井作业、输气站及输气管道建设工程中的主要环境影响进行了分析,从施工期的污染防治措施监理、生态保护措施监理、环境保护设施监理几个方面对施工期环境监理的主要内容进行了探讨。     

过氧化钙降解有机污染物研究进展

CaO2具有很好的稳定性,可在水和土壤中逐步分解生成H2O2成为氧化反应的氧化剂,已作为H2O2的替代物用于环保领域的研究中.介绍了CaO2的作用机理,综述了CaO2用于处理含卤代物、染料、抗生素、苯系物等废水的研究进展,以及CaO2用于治理含石油烃、多环芳烃、苯系物和农药的污染土壤的研究进展.提出未来的研究方向:充分...     

中型城市发展循环经济研究初探

以山东沿海城市日照为例,从转变发展思路、实践科学发展观,破解发展瓶颈、促进经济社会可持续发展,保持资源环境优势、增强区域持续竞争力三个方面分析了日照市发展循环经济的必要性和重要性。提出抓好“小循环”,构筑循环经济微观基础;搞好“中循环”,构筑循环经济示范基地;推进“大循环”,努力建设循环型社会是在当前中小城市经济欠发达、面临环境保护和发展经济双重压力下,实现经济社会又快又好发展的一条好路。     

人工湿地系统植被构建方式探讨

植物是人工湿地系统的核心之一,不但有助于污水净化,还能产生一定的生态环境效益.湿地运行初期植物的生长好坏直接影响到今后植物的生长和污染物的去除效率.面对新建的人工湿地,如何快速高效的构建植被系统,是工程建设中必须面对的一个重要问题.湿地植被构建方式的改进有助于提高湿地建设效率,改善系统处理效果.本文从工程角度探讨植物种植方式、种植时间、种植密度及湿地启动对湿地植被构建的影响.     

Characterization and control of odorous gases at a landfill site: a case study in Hangzhou, China

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the major sources of offensive odors potentially creating annoyance in adjacent communities. At the end of May 2007, an odor pollution incident occurred at the Tianziling landfill site, Hangzhou, China, where the residents lodged complaints about the intense odor from the landfill, which drew a significant attention from the government. In this study, ambient air monitoring was conducted at the Tianziling landfill site. The main odor composition of the gas samples collected on June 1st 2007 and the reduction of various odorous gases from the samples collected on June 1st 2009 due to the applied odor control techniques were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, variations of primary odorous gaseous (NH₃ and H₂S) concentrations at different locations in the landfill site from July 2007 to June 2009 were also investigated by using classical spectrophotometric methods. Results showed that a total of 68 volatile compounds were identified among which H₂S (56.58-579.84 μg/m³) and NH₃ (520-4460 μg/m³) were the notable odor components contributing to 4.47-10.92% and 83.91-93.94% of total concentrations, respectively. Similar spatial and temporal shifts of H₂S and NH₃ concentrations were observed and were significantly affected by environmental factors including temperature, air pressure and wind direction. Odor pollution was worse when high temperature, high humidity, low air pressure, and southeast, northeast or east wind appeared. Moreover, the environmental sampling points of the dumping area and the leachate treatment plant were found to be the main odor sources at the Tianziling landfill site. The odor control technologies used in this project had a good mitigating effect on the primary odorous compounds. This study provides long-term valuable information concerning the characteristics and control of odors at landfill sites in a long run.     

矿区土地复垦与生态恢复技术研究

矿产资源的开发利用是社会经济发展的重要支柱,然而大规模地开采造成了土地损毁、环境污染和生态退化等一系列问题,严重制约了采矿业的可持续发展.近年来,我国加强了对矿区土地复垦与生态恢复工作的重视,使得矿区生态环境得到一定程度的改善,但总体仍存在复垦率低和复垦效果差等问题.基于此,本文概述了国内外矿区土地复垦的发展历史及特征...     

基于石墨烯构建的电化学传感器在环境监测中的应用

综述了基于石墨烯构建的电化学传感器在重金属、有毒气体、农药残留、酚类有机污染物等对环境造成一定危害的物质检测中的应用,并展望了石墨烯电化学传感器在环境监测领域中的发展。