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排序方式: 共有114条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Hideaki Nishizawa Yuta Naito Hiroyuki Suganuma Osamu Abe Junichi Okuyama Koichi Hirate Shinichi Tanaka Emi Inoguchi Koji Narushima Kiyoshige Kobayashi Hisakazu Ishii Shigeo Tanizaki Masato Kobayashi Akira Goto Nobuaki Arai 《Marine Biology》2013,160(10):2671-2685
In order to develop effective conservation strategies for endangered migratory species, the link between feeding and breeding grounds needs to be clarified. In this study, the genetic compositions of consecutive Japanese feeding aggregations of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) along the Kuroshio Current were examined by mixed-stock analyses of mitochondrial DNA control-region sequences. The results indicated that the southern feeding aggregation around Yaeyama (24.3°N, 124.0°E) was sourced from various Pacific rookeries in the Yaeyama, Ogasawara, Western Pacific, and Indian Oceans and Southeast Asia. Among northern feeding aggregations, the Ginoza (26.5°N, 128.0°E) aggregation was also sourced from the Western Pacific Ocean, but the Nomaike (31.4°N, 130.1°E), Muroto (33.2°N, 134.2°E), and Kanto (35.6°N, 140.5°E) aggregations were contributed mostly by the closer Ogasawara rookeries. The reduced contribution from tropical Pacific rookeries to northern feeding aggregations and the significant correlation between genetic differentiation and geographical distance matrices of feeding aggregations indicated that most hatchlings from these regions transported by the Kuroshio Current settle in upstream feeding grounds along the Japanese archipelago, implying that current flow influences the composition of feeding aggregations. Differences in the composition of relatively close neritic feeding aggregations have important conservation implications, for which both regional and multinational conservation strategies are needed. 相似文献
82.
Temporal trends and sources of PCDD/Fs, pentachlorophenol and chlornitrofen in paddy field soils along the Yoneshiro River basin, Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kobayashi J Sakai M Kajihara H Takahashi Y 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1233-1242
In order to understand the long-term behaviors of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), pentachlorophenol (PCP), and 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl-4′-nitrophenyl ether (chlornitrofen, CNP) in paddy soil, we measured their concentrations in paddy soil samples collected in 1982 and 1984 (1980s) and in 2000 and 2002 (2000s) from the Yoneshiro River basin, Japan. The concentrations of PCP and CNP decreased from the 1980s to the 2000s, whereas the concentrations of PCDD/Fs and their toxic equivalency (WHO2006-TEQ) remained. The major sources of PCDD/Fs in the paddy soil samples were attributed to impurities in PCP and CNP as a result of comparisons of homologue and congener profiles and principal component analysis. Based on the results of comparison of total input and remaining amount, it is estimated that more than 99% of PCP and CNP applied to the paddy fields had disappeared, whereas most of the applied PCDD/Fs and TEQ remained. 相似文献
83.
Shaohua Hu Jorn D. Herner William Robertson Reiko Kobayashi M.-C. Oliver Chang Shiou-mei Huang 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):984-996
In total, 24 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in both gas and particle phases and 35 nitro-PAHs in particle phase were analyzed in the exhaust from heavy-duty diesel vehicles equipped with after-treatment for particulate matter (PM) and NOX control. The test vehicles were carried out using a chassis dynamometer under highway cruise, transient Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS), and idle operation. The after-treatment efficiently abated more than 90% of the total PAHs. Indeed, the particle-bound PAHs were reduced by >99%, and the gaseous PAHs were removed at various extents depending on the type of after-treatment and the test cycles. The PAHs in gas phase dominated the total PAH (gas + particle phases) emissions for all the test vehicles and for all cycles; that is, 99% of the two-ring and 98% of the three-ring and 97% of the four-ring and 95% of the carcinogenic PAHs were in the gas-phase after a diesel particle filter (DPF) and not bound to the very small amount of particulate matter left after a DPF. Consequently, an evaluation of the toxicity of DPF exhaust must include this volatile fraction and cannot be based on the particle fraction only. The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) did not appear to promote nitration of the PAHs in general, although there might be some selective nitration of phenanthrene. Importantly the after-treatmtent reduced the equivalent B[a]P (B[a]Peq) emissions by >95%, suggesting a substantial health benefit. Implications: This study demonstrated that after-treatments, including diesel particulate filters (DPF), diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC), and selective catalytic reduction (SCR), significantly reduce the emissions of PAHs from heavy-duty diesel engines. The gas-phase PAHs dominate the total PAH (gas + particle phases) emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles retrofitted with various DPFs and not bound to the very small amount of particulate matter left after a DPF. Consequently, an evaluation of the toxicity of DPF exhaust must also include this volatile fraction and cannot be based on the particle fraction only. Supplemental Materials: Supplemental materials are available for this paper. Go to the publisher's online edition of the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association. 相似文献
84.
Yoshihiro Nakashima Narumi Kamei Shinji Kobayashi Yoshizumi Kajii 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(4):468-475
Total OH reactivity for the exhaust gas of gasoline vehicles was measured for the first time under nine different driving conditions with a chassis dynamometer at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). Along with the total OH reactivity measurements, analysis of trace species such as CH4, CO, NO, NO2, and 56 kinds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including two aldehydes, was carried out. The ratio of alkanes to alkenes in the exhaust gas turned out to depend on the condition of the driving cycles. There were a considerable number of unidentified peaks obtained during GC analysis. About 15–30% of the total carbon was unidentified species. The chemical compositions of vehicular exhaust were found to depend on the temperature of the engine or catalysts. The contribution of OH reactivity to the species obtained depended on the temperature condition for the engine. The calculated total OH reactivity for VOCs was compared with ozone formation potential (OFP) and it turned out that there are in good correlation, while the correlation for “Cold” start deviates from that for “Hot” start. The measured and calculated OH reactivities were compared with each other. For all driving cycles, the calculated OH reactivity was confirmed to be an underestimation, implying the existence of unknown species in the exhaust gas. The percentage contribution of OH reactivity to the unknown species during “Cold” start was about 17.5%, which was almost the same as that for “Hot” start at 17.0%. However, the absolute value of OH reactivity for “Cold” start was about ten times higher than that for “Hot” start. 相似文献
85.
T. Yamada T. Inoue H. Fukuhara O. Nakahara T. Izuta R. Suda M. Takahashi H. Sase A. Takahashi H. Kobayashi T. Ohizumi T. Hakamata 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):259-266
Since 1983, the Ministry of the Environment of Japan has conducted nation-wide acid deposition surveys. To investigate the
effects of acid deposition on surface water, we used the nonparametric Mann–Kendall test to find temporal trends in pH, alkalinity,
and electrical conductivity (EC) in more than 10 years of data collected from five lakes and their catchments (Lake Kuttara:
northernmost; Lake Kamakita: near Tokyo; Lake Ijira: central; Lake Banryu: western; and Lake Unagiike: southernmost). The
pH of Lake Ijira water has declined slightly since the mid-1990s, corresponding with the downward trends seen in the pH and
alkalinity of the river water flowing into the lake. There were significant upward trends in the EC of both the lake and stream
water; the same trends were also found for concentrations. These trends show evidence of acidification due to atmospheric deposition, and this is the first such finding
in Japan based on significant long-term trends. Lake Ijira is located about 40 km north of the Chukyo industrial area near
Nagoya. The annual depositions of H+, nss-, and in Lake Ijira were among the highest of all deposition monitoring sites, suggesting that this is the main cause of the significant
acidification observed in Lake Ijira. No significant trends suggesting acidification were observed in any of the other lake
catchments in spite of the significant upward trends in EC. Upward trends in pH and alkalinity at Lake Banryu and upward trends
in alkalinity at Lake Kamakita were detected, but no change in pH or alkalinity at Lake Kuttara and Lake Unagiike was observed. 相似文献
86.
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Considering the recent plastic loads in water bodies we studied the aggregation, charging, and aggregate strength of polyethylene microsphere (PEM)... 相似文献
87.
Kiguchi Osamu Sato Go Kobayashi Takashi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(22):22513-22529
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Source-specific elucidation of domestic sewage pollution caused by various effluent sources in an urban river water, as conducted for this study,... 相似文献
88.
S. Kojima R. Segawa T. Kobayashi T. Hashimoto K. Fujikura J. Hashimoto S. Ohta 《Marine Biology》1995,122(3):401-407
Phylogenetic relationships among the seven species of deep-sea giant clams Calyptogena (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae) collected around Japan were examined using parts of nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial genes for cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and cytochrome oxidase III (COIII) and the encoded amino acid sequences. The seven species were C. soyoae (Sagami Bay), C. fausta (Suruga Bay), C. kaikoi (Nankai Trough), C. nautilei (Nankai Trough), C. phaseoliformis (Japan Trench), C. solidissima (Minami-Ensei Knoll, Okinawa Trough) and Calyptogena sp. (Iheya Ridge, Okinawa Trough). A clear phylogenetic split was observed between one group of three species (C. kaikoi, C. phaseoliformis and C. fausta) and the remaining species. This clustering corresponds to the two previously described subgenera within the genus Calyptogena (Calyptogean and Ectenagena) with the exception of the placement of C. nautilei, which had been placed in the subgenus Ectenagena. Genetic distances between two haplotypes of C. soyoae were 0.043 for the COI region and 0.055 for the COIII region, and three amino acid substitutions were detected with the COIII region. Calyptogena sp. from the Iheya Ridge could be distinguished from one of the two haplotypes (type A) of C. soyoae by only a single nucleotide substitution, a result that suggests that Calyptogena sp. of the Iheya Ridge diverged from C. soyoae after the two haplotypes had diverged, and it is now isolated from C. soyoae in Sagami Bay. 相似文献
89.
The reaction of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) with cholesterol was investigated. NO2 reacted with the hydroxyl group in cholesterol to produce cholesteryl nitrite. In this reaction, other minor products were observed. Cholesteryl nitrate, however, was not detected as was reported by other workers. Water accelerates and oxygen retards this reaction. 相似文献
90.
D. R. Kobayashi 《Marine Biology》1989,100(3):285-293
Plankton samples were taken from January to June 1987 in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands, with a free-fall plankton net, to investigate the fine-scale distribution of larval fishes around coral reefs. Daytime samples indicated that the postflexion larvae of two gobiids (Psilogobius mainlandi and an unidentified species) were significantly more abundant at stations immediately adjacent to reefs (near-reef) than at stations in open water off the reef (off-reef). These postflexion gobiid larvae appeared to be capable of resisting advection and dispersal while remaining in the water column near suitable adult habitats. The larvae of Foa brachygramma (Apogonidae) and Encrasicholina purpurea (Engraulidae) were significantly more abundant at off-reef stations than at near-reef stations. Nighttime samples indicated that the gobiid larvae depend on visual cues to remain near the reef. The horizontal distributions of F. brachygramma and E. purpurea larvae appeared to be related to their vertical positioning. These data suggest that typical ichthyoplankton surveys which do not sample close to adult fish habitats would greatly underestimate the abundances of larvae such as the gobiids. 相似文献