关于影响易损性分析结果的区域因素研究——以福建为例

以福建省震害快速评估系统为依托,以分析处理现场实际调查数据为基础,提出了主要影响易损性分析结果的四个区域因素及其影响指数值、区域综合指数值,提供了各分区的划分依据、各分区影响指数值的评定标准以及区域综合指数值的计算方法,为合理应用不同地区之间的易损性矩阵或易损性曲线提供了参考依据。     

配电自动化主站系统二次安防的设计应用

针对配电自动化主站二次系统的安全防护问题,基于“安全分区,网络专用,横向隔离,纵向认证”的二次系统安全防护原则,采用对主站系统的安全分区和在系统边界部署安全防护等措施,对宁东供电公司配电自动化主站系统进行了安全防护设计。应用结果表明:该二次安全防护方案有效保证了配电自动化系统和配电网的安全,稳定运行。     

NO oxidation over Co-La catalysts and NO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> reduction in compact SCR

A series of Co-La catalysts were prepared using the wet impregnation method and the synthesis of catalysts were modified by controlling pH with the addition of ammonium hydroxide or oxalic solution. All the catalysts were systematically investigated for NO oxidation and SO₂ resistance in a fixed bed reactor and were characterized by Brunanuer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X–ray diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric (TG) and Ion Chromatography (IC). Among the catalysts, the one synthesized at pH = 1 exhibited the maximum NO conversion of 43% at 180°C. The activity of the catalyst was significantly suppressed by the existence of SO₂ (300 ppm) at 220°C. Deactivation may have been associated with the generation of cobalt sulfate, and the SO₂ adsorption quantity of the catalyst might also have effected sulfur resistance. In the case of the compact selective catalytic reduction (SCR), the activity increased from 74% to 91% at the highest gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 300000 h^–1 when the NO catalyst maintained the highest activity, in excess of 50% more than that of the standard SCR.

Open image in new window

     

Warming of surface water in the large and shallow lakes across the Yangtze River Basin,China, and its driver analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A variety of physical, chemical, and biological processes within the lakes relies on the surface water temperature while the spatial pattern of large...     

Vacuum pyrolysis of waste tires with basic additives

Granules of waste tires were pyrolyzed under vacuum (3.5-10kPa) conditions, and the effects of temperature and basic additives (Na(2)CO(3), NaOH) on the properties of pyrolysis were thoroughly investigated. It was obvious that with or without basic additives, pyrolysis oil yield increased gradually to a maximum and subsequently decreased with a temperature increase from 450 degrees C to 600 degrees C, irrespective of the addition of basic additives to the reactor. The addition of NaOH facilitated pyrolysis dramatically, as a maximal pyrolysis oil yield of about 48wt% was achieved at 550 degrees C without the addition of basic additives, while a maximal pyrolysis oil yield of about 50wt% was achieved at 480 degrees C by adding 3wt% (w/w, powder/waste tire granules) of NaOH powder. The composition analysis of pyrolytic naphtha (i.b.p. (initial boiling point) approximately 205 degrees C) distilled from pyrolysis oil showed that more dl-limonene was obtained with basic additives and the maximal content of dl-limonene in pyrolysis oil was 12.39wt%, which is a valuable and widely-used fine chemical. However, no improvement in pyrolysis was observed with Na(2)CO(3) addition. Pyrolysis gas was mainly composed of H(2), CO, CH(4), CO(2), C(2)H(4) and C(2)H(6). Pyrolytic char had a surface area comparable to commercial carbon black, but its proportion of ash (above 11.5wt%) was much higher.     

丹东市春节期间燃放烟花爆竹对空气质量的影响

根据2009年春节期间丹东市主要污染物（PM10、SO2、NO2）浓度和气象资料,分析了燃放烟花爆竹对空气质量的影响。结果表明：除夕和元宵节大量燃放烟花爆竹能导致PM10在短时间内快速上升,但对SO2和N02浓度的影响不明显。除夕期间22：00-2：00是PM10受燃放烟花爆竹影响最大时段,城市居民居住集中区PM10浓度远高于其它区域。气象条件是影响春节期间空气质量的主要因素。     

醇酮废水硝酸氧化液分离己二酸的工艺研究

研究了从以醇酮废水为原料生产混合二元酸的硝酸氧化液中分离已二酸的工艺过程和操作条件,采用结晶-活性炭脱色-重结晶的方法,先由醇酮废水硝酸氧化液中结晶分离出粗己二酸,再对粗己二酸进行脱色、重结晶,干燥得到精己二酸。己二酸的结晶条件：结晶时间180min、结晶终温不低于35℃;粗己二酸活性炭脱色条件：脱色温度75℃、活性炭加入量为粗己二酸的8％、脱色时间90min。分离出的己二酸与混合二元酸的质量比为1：2,己二酸产品的纯度为99％以上、熔点151～152℃、Pt—Co色号小于50。     

多因素影响下系统故障预防的多方案比选方法研究

为研究多因素影响下系统遭遇危险事件前预防方案的选优,在集对分析和空间故障树基础上提出比选方法。首先,论述集对分析与空间故障树理论结合的可行性;其次,研究系统故障预防的多因素多方案比选方法和步骤;最后,通过实例进行分析。研究结果表明：停运方案没有因素分量系数影响,其损失是停运带来的经济损失;无措施方案的系统常分量系数最小,因素分量系数最大;采取措施方案中,当常分量系数相差不大时,因素分量系数积最小者为最优方案。使用赵森烽-克勤概率表示危险事件的发生特征是可行的;常分量系数代表方案对系统故障预防效用的可靠性,因素分量系数代表该可靠性的稳定性;结合常分量系数和因素分量系数即可确定最优方案。该方法适合于故障发生对因素变化敏感的系统。     

生物炭-微生物复合材料修复Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤条件优化及促生效果

生物炭和微生物在改善Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤质量方面得到了广泛的应用,而以生物炭-微生物制备的复合材料(BC-MT)在Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤修复中的促生效果鲜见报道。以玉米秸秆生物炭为载体吸附铬还原菌——藤黄微球菌(Micrococcus luteus)制备BC-MT,综合考察了BC-MT修复Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤最佳条件及促生效果。结果表明:藤黄微球菌能成功附着在生物炭上,BC-MT对Cr(Ⅵ)污染土壤修复效果显著,在BC-MT投加量3%(质量分数,下同)、氮源投加量10g/kg、土壤含水率14%的条件下,修复25d,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率为64.35%,可提取态铬从27.01mg/L降至7.72mg/L。在3%BC-MT作用下,植物生长12周后地上、地下部分总铬含量分别降低了65.15%、49.76%,Cr(Ⅵ)分别降低了94.11%、87.74%,植物株高增加了17.7cm,生物量(以干重计)增加了132mg,叶绿素增加了4.65mg/g,可溶性糖增加了1.69mg/g。由此可见,BC-MT不但能有效降低土壤Cr(Ⅵ)含量,而且促生效果显著,具有广阔的应用价值。     

北京市汽车涂装VOCs治理现状与减排潜力分析

汽车制造是北京市的重要支柱型产业,也是挥发性有机物(VOCs)的重要排放源之一。在充分调研VOCs治理现状的基础上,对高端乘用车和普通乘用车涂装工艺各环节的产排污特征进行分析,并对其减排潜力进行重点研究。结果表明,由于高端乘用车生产线对各环节废气的全面处理等因素,VOCs排放水平显著低于普通乘用车;普通乘用车水性漆喷涂环节是最具减排潜力的关键点,若采用“干式除漆雾(循环风)+转轮吸附+焚烧”的改进处理措施,预计可实现VOCs减排比率达39.62%,但相应增加的环保投资对生产企业会形成一定的成本压力。