RTV涂层表面憎水分布对其防污闪性能的影响

通过在玻璃绝缘子上配置不同的 RTV 涂层方式,模拟涂覆了 RTV 涂层的绝缘子表面各种憎水性分布情况,进行短时污秽耐受试验和人工污秽闪络试验,研究 RTV 涂层表面憎水性分布不均对其防污闪性能的影响。研究结果表明:当涂覆有 RTV 涂料的绝缘子表面憎水性分布不均时,其污闪电压严重下降。绝缘子下表面涂层的憎水性对绝缘子防污闪能力影响尤为显著。     

Hybrid zeolite-based ion-exchange and sulfur oxidizing denitrification for advanced slaughterhouse wastewater treatment

The discharge of slau ghterhouse wastewater（SWW） is incre asing and its wastewater has to be treated thoroughly to avoid the eutrophication.The hybrid zeolite-based ion-exchange and sulfur autotrophic denitrification（IX-AD） process was developed to advanced treat SWW after traditional secondary biological process.Compared with traditional sulfur oxidizing denitrification（SOD）,this study found that IX-AD column showed:（1） stronger ability to resist NO₃^-pollution load,（2） low...     

天然沸石及改性沸石去除低浓度氨氮的研究

研究了天然斜发沸石在不同的酸、碱和盐改性条件下吸附去除氨氮（NH₄＋-N）的效果.结果表明:沸石吸附NH₄＋-N动力学曲线符合“快速吸附、缓慢平衡"的特点,且初始ρ（NH₄＋-N）越高,吸附速率越快;天然沸石及其改性沸石吸附NH₄＋-N为单分子层吸附过程,其吸附热力学曲线很好地符合Langmuir曲线. 沸石吸附NH₄＋-N是吸热反应,适当提高温度能够促进NH₄＋-N的吸附. 盐改性方法对沸石吸附NH₄＋-N的效果最好,增加了沸石的比表面积和总孔容,同时有利于沸石的再生.      

城市道路旁小蜡叶片对重金属的富集特征

通过对合肥市市区交通干线、城郊公路和植物园道路(对照区)的土壤,以及道路绿化灌木小蜡(Ligustrum sinense)叶片中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd和Cr含量的测定,分析城市交通产生的大气重金属污染物在土壤和植物叶片中的富集特征.结果表明,公路交通和车辆尾气排放产生的重金属污染物能够显著地在土壤和小蜡叶片中富集.公路土壤中富集的Cu,Zn,Pb和Cr之间有着较高的相关性,且富集量与道路车流量有着明显的正相关.小蜡叶片富集的Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd和Cr主要来自于道路交通产生的大气重金属污染物,同土壤中相应重金属元素的相关性较差,而且市区干线的叶片富集量高于城郊公路,城郊公路高于对照点.雨水的冲刷能够减少小蜡叶片表面重金属的含量,同时小蜡叶片对重金属的富集,在4月至7月的富集速度或富集增量高于7月至10月,这与小蜡叶片的生长趋势相一致.     

纳滤膜处理含锰废水

采用纳滤膜处理电解锰生产过程中产生的含锰废水,考察了操作压力、阻垢剂和反冲洗等因素对膜通量和各金属离子截留率的影响。实验结果表明:操作压力越大,膜通量越大,且膜通量随运行时间延长下降得越快;在操作压力为2.0 MPa的条件下,纳滤膜对Mg2+的截留率为90.69%,对Mn2+的截留率为89.72%,对Ca2+的截留率最高,达100%;加入阻垢剂后,纳滤膜的膜通量比未加入阻垢剂时的膜通量略大;反冲洗4次后,膜通量均可完全恢复。     

石油污染土壤修复技术的进展

综述了石油污染土壤修复技术的发展现状及存在的瓶颈,分析了石油污染对油-水-土界面性质、土-水关系和土壤渗透性等水理性质的影响.对石油污染土壤再利用于工程建设进行了探讨,并总结了石油污染土壤主要的力学性质变化,为石油污染土壤修复技术的工程实践和机理研究提供参考.     

STOCHASTIC WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS USING RELIABILITY METHOD1

ABSTRACT: This study developed a QUAL2E‐Reliability Analysis (QUAL2E‐RA) model for the stochastic water quality analysis of the downstream reach of the main Han River in Korea. The proposed model is based on the QUAL2E model and incorporates the Advanced First‐Order Second‐Moment (AFOSM) and Mean‐Value First‐Order Second‐Moment (MFOSM) methods. After the hydraulic characteristics from standard step method are identified, the optimal reaction coefficients are then estimated using the Broyden‐Fletcher‐Goldfarb‐Shanno (BFGS) method. Considering variations in river discharges, pollutant loads from tributaries, and reaction coefficients, the violation probabilities of existing water quality standards at several locations in the river were computed from the AFOSM and MFOSM methods, and the results were compared with those from the Monte Carlo method. The statistics of the three uncertainty analysis methods show that the outputs from the AFOSM and MFOSM methods are similar to those from the Monte Carlo method. From a practical model selection perspective, the MFOSM method is more attractive in terms of its computational simplicity and execution time.     

北京市大气细颗粒物的遗传和非遗传毒性研究

用胞质阻断微核试验与单细胞凝胶电泳法检测北京市大气PM_2.5无机提取物与有机提取物对Balb/c 3T3细胞微核形成与DNA链断裂的影响;通过划痕染料示踪技术(SL/DT)观察PM_2.5无机提取物与有机提取物对Balb/c3T3细胞间通讯的影响.发现PM_2.5有机提取物可引起双核微核细胞率显著增加(P<0.01)及导致慧星细胞率和DNA迁移长度显著增加(P<0.01);PM_2.5有机提取物引起细胞间通讯的抑制; PM_2.5无机提取物未见明显毒作用.结果表明,PM_2.5可引起染色体损伤和原发性DNA损伤,抑制细胞间通讯,其毒作用主要由其有机成分引起.     

卤代烃毒性的化学评价法:鸟嘌呤卤代烃加合物FTIR、UV光谱表征

研究鸟嘌呤与一系列卤代烃反应的加合产物 ,利用HPLC二极管阵列检测器得到的特征紫外光谱 (UV)对加合产物样品进行了鉴定 ,然后加合产物经薄层 (TLC)分离 ,再进一步做红外 (FTIR)鉴定 ,从而得到鸟嘌呤 卤代烃氧位和氮位加合物的红外光谱表征 .研究表明 ,鸟嘌呤卤代烃的氮位加合物异构体的紫外光谱吸收峰的波长在 240～250nm之间 ,氧位加合物UV波长在 260～270nm附近 .鸟嘌呤与本文涉及的各卤代烃的加合物的红外光谱之间差别不大 :其氮位加合物在 1700cm^-1处 ,均有CO的特征吸收峰 ;其氧位加合物的红外光谱亦相近 .     

Overestimate of remediation efficiency due to residual sodium persulfate in PAHs contaminated soil and a solution

Oxidation remediation is a commonly used technology for PAHs contaminated soil presently,but the overestimate of efficiency due to ongoing remediation by residual oxidants during extraction and testing has not been paid enough attention.In this study,persulfate was activated by Fe（Ⅱ） to inve stigate the effects of residual oxidants on PAHs removal during detection process and the elimination effects of adding Na₂ SO₃ and extending sampling time on residual oxidants.Results ...