空气污染物远程传输对海岛型城市污染的影响

为探明海岛型城市的污染成因,采用MM5/CALPUFF模型定量测算区域传输对舟山群岛大气环境的影响.结果显示,舟山在冬季主要受西北方向大陆上空高浓度污染物传输影响,上海对其外来影响最大,SO2和NO2的贡献率在71%~79%和72%~83%之间;而在夏季受偏南气流影响,浙江省对其影响最大,SO2和NO2贡献率在52%~63%和49%~55%之间.舟山群岛在高频率、高风速的持续性西北风和偏北风作用下,易形成重污染天气,各监测点NO2最大小时浓度在122~194μg/m3之间,区域传输的贡献率在98%以上.开展区域联防联控工作,才能根本改善舟山群岛环境空气质量.     

国内地下式污水处理厂的设计要点

对目前国内在建和已建的地下式污水处理厂的设计要点进行了研究和总结。研究表明：地下式污水厂的工艺选择一般有MBBR和MBR工艺,结构形式主要为伸缩缝设计和无缝设计两种,建筑防火分区一般为2 000 m^2或以上;消防可以采用自动灭火系统和消火栓系统,局部变电站采用气体灭火系统。地下式污水处理厂投资较高,约为地上污水厂的两倍,但占地面积远远小于地上污水处理厂,可以节省大量的土地成本,同时地上绿化增加了城市的环境效益和社会效益。     

Membrane-based treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater: The current state of knowledge

• Shale oil and gas production generates wastewater with complex composition. • Membrane technologies emerged for the treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater. • Membrane technologies should tolerate high TDS and consume low primary energy. • Pretreatment is a key component of integrated wastewater treatment systems. • Full-scale implementation of membrane technologies is highly desirable. Shale oil and gas exploitation not only consumes substantial amounts of freshwater but also generates large quantities of hazardous wastewater. Tremendous research efforts have been invested in developing membrane-based technologies for the treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater. Despite their success at the laboratory scale, membrane processes have not been implemented at full scale in the oil and gas fields. In this article, we analyze the growing demands of wastewater treatment in shale oil and gas production, and then critically review the current stage of membrane technologies applied to the treatment of shale oil and gas wastewater. We focus on the unique niche of those technologies due to their advantages and limitations, and use mechanical vapor compression as the benchmark for comparison. We also highlight the importance of pretreatment as a key component of integrated treatment trains, in order to improve the performance of downstream membrane processes and water product quality. We emphasize the lack of sufficient efforts to scale up existing membrane technologies, and suggest that a stronger collaboration between academia and industry is of paramount importance to translate membrane technologies developed in the laboratory to the practical applications by the shale oil and gas industry.     

江苏省农村环境监测现状及“十四五”工作建议

农村生态环境保护是实现乡村振兴不可缺少的一环,是保障农业农村高质量发展的基础。基于"十三五"江苏省农村环境监测体系和2020年全省农村环境质量监测结果,分析了全省农村环境监测现状。指出,江苏省农村环境监测工作存在监测任务较重、基础信息获取难度较大、水环境监测代表性不足、监测指标单一以及对农业面源污染治理成效评估支撑不够等问题;提出,强化部门数据共享与信息整合、完善农村环境例行监测网络、构建农业面源污染监测技术体系、探索特色指标监测研究、加强农村环境监测人才队伍建设等"十四五"江苏省农村环境监测工作建议,以期摸清农业面源污染现状,为全省农村生态环境治理提供技术支撑。     

医院节能减排实践与探索

为降低医院能源消耗,实现节能减排目标,分析了医院能耗特点与现状,指出了医院能耗管理存在的问题,包括能源消耗底数不清,缺乏专业的管理人员,节能监管缺乏力度.提出医院节能减排措施:设立节能减排领导小组,加强专业的节能管理,应用水电技术节能,为国家社会节约能源,为医院自身节约成本,促进卫生医疗机构的健康发展.     

TiO2悬浮体系光催化降解壬基酚的研究

研究了以悬浮态TiO2为催化剂,在H2O2存在的条件下,壬基酚的光催化降解反应.分别研究了pH值、TiO2和H2O2的加入量、壬基酚的初始质量浓度以及光照时间对降解反应的影响.结果表明:在pH=5,30 mg/L的H2O2中,初始质量浓度为20 mg/L壬基酚的溶液光照180min后,降解率达54.42%.     

城市电磁辐射污染的产生与危害

随着科学技术的迅猛发展,电磁辐射污染问题越来越受到人们的重视和关注,它已经被称为"第五大环境污染".本文重点论述了电磁辐射的危害,国内外电磁辐射的标准,城市电磁辐射污染的来源及特点,以及北京市区电磁辐射污染现状.     

如何应对液氯运输发生的泄漏事故

1引言 氯被人们在生活、生产中广泛使用.多用于自来水消毒、纸浆漂白、制溴、橡胶、油墨、颜料和农药等.然而氯的危险性更值得我们注意,如氯能与许多化学品如乙炔、乙醚、氢气等猛烈反应发生爆炸或生成爆炸性物质;人体吸入氯气会中毒,吸入极高浓度的氯气,可引起死亡;氯挥发性极强,空气中的水蒸汽即可与之反应生成盐酸雾及次氯酸,所到之处腐蚀物品、危害人体和动植物.由于目前相关防范措施还不完善,人们的安全意识还不够强等原因,时常有液氯泄漏事故发生,随之酿成人员中毒、爆炸等灾害性事故.因此如何利用现有的科学技术手段,及时准确采取应对液氯泄漏事故安全措施显得至关重要.     

Development and application of a comprehensive ecological risk assessment indicator system in Xiamen,China

Urban ecological risk is one of the important factors that may restrict the social and economic development. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out a comprehensive assessment of ecological risks so that an ecological risk prevention and control plan can be scientifically formulated. In this paper, a comprehensive ecological risk assessment indicator system of Xiamen was established based on local ecological properties and socioeconomic status. This indicator system covers seven indicators including air pollution, soil pollution, water pollution, fresh water consumption, change in land use, occupation of key zones with ecological functions, and road network expansion. Based on this indicator system and in conjunction with the single factor assessment of ecological risks, this study constructed a model of comprehensive ecological risk assessment and forecasted the comprehensive ecological risk of Xiamen in 2020. The results showed that the comprehensive ecological risk level of Xiamen in 2020 is medium and the main stressors are the discharge of air and water pollutants. From the perspective of risk receptors, i.e. the ecosystem services, the risk posed to the ecosystem services associated to the maintenance of air quality and water purification is the highest. Therefore, this study proposed the recommendations on ecological risk prevention and regulation in Xiamen based on the comprehensive assessment of ecological risks, in the hope to provide scientific support for local ecological protection and sustainable development.     

铁改性掺氮碳纤维活化过一硫酸盐降解双酚A

通过静电纺丝制备了Fe和N掺杂改性的碳纳米纤维（Fe-N-CNF）,研究了该催化剂活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）降解双酚A（BPA）的性能.以聚丙烯腈为前驱体通过添加FeCl₃、尿素、NH₄Cl、均苯四甲酸二酐等配制溶胶进行静电纺丝,预氧化并高温碳化后获得Fe-N-CNF,研究了Fe-N-CNF投加量、PMS投加量、溶液初始pH对BPA降解效果的影响.结果表明,当Fe-N-CNF投加量为1 g·L^-1,PMS投加量为2 mmol·L^-1,初始pH为5时,30 min内对初始浓度为20 mg·L^-1 BPA的降解率可达100%.自由基淬灭实验和电子自旋共振波谱（ESR）分析证明,该体系中起主要作用的活性氧物种是O₂^·-和¹O₂.同时研究了Fe-N-CNF/PMS体系对多种有机污染物的降解效果.