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491.
Shuling Song Xiaodong Ma Ling Tong Qin Tian Yi Huang Shaoquan Yin Hongbin Sun 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(9):7225-7229
Forty-eight human breast milk samples were collected from mothers in Beijing. The hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (including α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, o,p′-DDT, and p,p′-DDT) contents of the samples were determined by gas chromatography/electron capture detection and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, and p,p′-DDT were detected at rates of 20, 100, 10, 100, 10, and 22 %, respectively. The average residue levels in the samples were 174.6 ng/g fat for β-HCH, 333.8 ng/g fat for p,p′-DDE, 6.57 ng/g fat for α-HCH, 7.67 ng/g fat for γ-HCH, 4.18 ng/g fat for p,p′-DDD, and 11.4 ng/g fat for p,p′-DDT. The results showed that the infants’ daily intake levels of HCH and DDT were 0.95 and 1.76 μg/kg body weight/day, respectively. Our result suggested that the total residue level of these organochlorine pesticides in breast milk from Beijing decreased and was lower than that from other coastal and heavy industrial cities in China. On the other hand, the levels of HCH and DDT were higher than those from some developed countries, but lower than those from other developing countries such as India. 相似文献
492.
在往复流现象明显的蕰藻浜中下游河道选择16个采样点,分析研究沉积物性状以及Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Ni、Pb、Mn的含量以及分布情况。结果表明:蕰藻浜总体污染程度为中等,其中陈行桥、江杨北路桥以及淞港码头污染较严重。Cr、Cd、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn和Mn的含量分别为24.0~357.0、0.06~0.69、20.0~85.4、18.2~132、14.2~136、84.6~685、472~1 086 mg/kg。通过分析发现,Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn和Cr总量都具有显著的相关性,很有可能来自同一外源污染,而中游河段的Mn主要来自于沉积物母质。河道两岸以往的工业与生活排污以及往复水流使得重金属污染物在沉积物中聚集是造成重金属污染的潜在原因。运用地累积指数法、潜在生态危害指数法、污染负荷指数3种风险评价法对沉积物重金属进行风险评估,总体来说,3种评价方法都表明Cu的污染程度较严重,Mn的污染较轻。其中地累积指数法结果显示,各重金属的污染顺序为CuZn≥CdPb≥CrNiMn,然而由于Cd本身生物毒性较高,对沉积物生态环境危害贡献率可达到60%;污染负荷指数评价结果发现蕰藻浜下游河段部分断面沉积物达到了极强污染程度,应当受到重视。 相似文献
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通过考察在不同的絮凝剂种类、投加量、pH和温度等操作条件下隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫(以下简称"两虫")的去除特性,探讨了污水深度处理絮凝工艺去除病原性原虫的作用机制.研究发现,污水经絮凝处理后,水样中胶体的平均ζ电位与2种荧光微球(两虫替代物)去除率和剩余浊度的线性相关度不高(R:0.49、0.48、0.65);而2种荧光微球之间的去除率线性相关性较高(R=0.99),并且与水样剩余浊度的变化趋势呈一定的指数相关关系(R=0.92、0.95).因此,在本研究的各种絮凝工况下.卷扫网捕是去除病原性原虫和浊度的重要作用机制.在相同操作条件下,贾第鞭毛虫的去除率大于隐孢子虫. 相似文献
496.
选用中国气象局国家气候中心由逐日观测资料插值而成的格点化观测数据集,评估了区域气候模式COSMO-CLM(CCLM)对中国极端降水的模拟能力,并对2016—2050年中国极端降水事件进行预估。文中主要采用强度-面积-持续时间(Intensity-Area-Duration,IAD)方法,识别了既定时间尺度下具有一定强度和影响面积的极端降水事件,分析未来中国极端降水事件的特征和变化趋势,结果表明:1)区域气候模式CCLM对中国极端降水的空间分布和变化趋势均有较强的模拟能力;2)2016—2050年中国极端降水事件整体呈增加趋势,RCP 8.5情景下变化更为显著,事件强度更大;3)未来不同情景下,均有可能发生强度或影响面积超过基准期最大值的事件,其中影响面积大的事件多发生在华北和东北,强度大的事件多发生在西南和华南。 相似文献
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498.
Weiwei Chen Daniel Tong Shichun Zhang Mo Dan Xuelei Zhang Hongmei Zhao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,38(12):133-141
This study presents the observations of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) concentrations at an agricultural site from April to October 2012 in Dehui city,China.Ambient air was sampled by filter-based samplers and online PM monitors.The filter samples were analyzed to determine the abundance of ionic/inorganic elements,organic carbon(OC) and elemental carbon(EC).The daily PM_(10) concentrations varied significantly over the monitoring period,with an average of168 ± 63(in the range of 52-277) μg/m~3 during the land preparation/planting period(26 April-15 June),85 ± 65(36-228) μg/m~3 during the growing season(16 June-25 September),and 207 ±88(103-310) μg/m~3 during the harvest period(26 September-31 October).PM_(2.5) accounted for44%,56%and 66%of atmospheric PM_(10) during these periods,respectively.The PM_(10) diurnal variation showed a distinct peak from 16:00 to 21:00(LST) during the growing and harvesting seasons,while a gradual increase throughout the daytime until 17:00 was observed during tilling season.Mineral dust elements(Al,Ca,Fe,and Mg) dominated the PM_(10) chemical composition during the tilling season;OC,NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-) and NH_4~+ during the growing season;and carbonaceous species(i.e.,OC and EC) during the harvesting season.Our results indicate that the soil particles emitted by farm tillage and organic matter released from straw burning are the two most significant sources of PM_(10) emissions contributing to the recurring high pollution events in this region.Therefore,development of agricultural PM inventories from soil tillage and straw burning is prioritized to support air quality modeling. 相似文献
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Haiyan Jiang Hongxing Dai Xue Meng Lei Zhang Jiguang Deng Yuxi Liu Chak Tong Au 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(3):449-457
Monoclinic BiVO4 with multiple morphologies and/or porous structures were fabricated using the hydrothermal strategy. The materials were characterized by means of the XRD, Raman, TGA/DSC, SEM, XPS, and UV-Vis techniques. The photocatalytic activities of the BiVO4 materials were evaluated for the degradation of Methyl Orange under visible-light irradiation. It is observed that pH value and surfactant exerted a great effect on the morphology and pore structure of the BiVO4 product. Spherical BiVO4 with porous structures, flower-cluster-like BiVO4, and flower-bundle-like BiVO4 were generated hydrothermally at 100℃ with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and urea (pH = 2) and at 160℃ with NaHCO3 (pH = 7 and 8), respectively. The PVP-derived BiVO4 showed much higher surface areas (5.0-8.4 m2/g) and narrower bandgap energies (2.45-2.49 eV). The best photocatalytic performance of the spherical BiVO4 material with a surface area of 8.4 m2/g was associated with its higher surface area, narrower bandgap energy, higher surface oxygen vacancy density, and unique porous architecture. 相似文献