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731.
活性炭纤维对气体中醋酸丁酯吸附性能的研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
通过试验选择活性炭纤维作为吸附剂,吸气气体中醋酸丁酯。对影响其吸附性能的主要因素进行了研究。 相似文献
732.
Application of system dynamics modeling for evaluation of different recycling scenarios in Singapore
Apostolos Giannis Miaoju Chen Ke Yin Huanhuan Tong Andrei Veksha 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(3):1177-1185
The influence of socioeconomic factors, such as population and rapid economic growth, and the change of consumption and living patterns make waste management in Singapore, a complex issue. Due to limited land and resources, the solid waste management scheme requires a comprehensive approach. Therefore, system dynamics (SD) modeling was applied to assess alternative strategies for solid waste management by interconnecting landfill capacity and recycling efficiency with reference to the projection on waste generation. Nine different scenarios were investigated to identify the best approach to maintain environmental sustainability without inhibiting the economic growth. Four subsystems (i.e., population, economy, waste recycling, and waste disposal) have been incorporated into the SD model to broaden the effectiveness of the waste management system. Research findings revealed that a high economic pattern and a high recycling rate are recommended to satisfy the requirements for economic growth and environmental sustainability while extending landfill capacity for waste disposal. Even though the balance of expenditure could be increased by the high recycling rate, it meets the need for long-term incineration and landfill planning. 相似文献
733.
氟虫双酰胺对蚯蚓的生化毒性与细胞毒性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
双酰胺类杀虫剂已成为全世界第4大类最常用的杀虫剂,具有非常广阔的应用前景。然而,目前关于双酰胺类杀虫剂生态毒性评估方面的研究还比较少。为探究双酰胺类杀虫剂对非靶标生物的毒性作用,选取赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)为受试生物,研究了典型双酰胺类杀虫剂氟虫双酰胺对非靶标动物蚯蚓的生化毒性和细胞毒性以及其在人工土和蚯蚓体内的浓度变化情况。结果表明,氟虫双酰胺在人工土壤中十分稳定,在整个暴露期间氟虫双酰胺的浓度变化不超过20%。氟虫双酰胺在蚯蚓体内的含量随染毒浓度的升高和暴露时间的推移而增加,呈明显的时间和剂量-效应关系;在染毒浓度为0.1和1.0 mg·kg-1的处理组中,氟虫双酰胺未对蚯蚓产生明显的氧化胁迫效应。在染毒浓度为5.0和10.0 mg·kg-1的处理组中,蚯蚓体内活性氧(ROS)含量显著高于其他处理组,过量的ROS诱导蚯蚓体内各种抗氧化酶活性发生异常变化,并在蚯蚓体内造成了脂质过氧化、蛋白质羰基化和DNA损伤。研究表明,当土壤中氟虫双酰胺的浓度为5.0和10.0 mg·kg-1时可能会对蚯蚓产生很高的风险。此外,彗星实验对氟虫双酰胺诱导的氧化胁迫较为敏感,可以作为敏感生物标志物对氟虫双酰胺造成的土壤污染进行预警。 相似文献
734.
通过室内微宇宙实验系统研究了天津厚蟹(Helice tientsinensis)和双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)生物扰动作用下河口沉积物中荧蒽的去除情况。实验结果显示,天津厚蟹扰动组中荧蒽的去除率显著高于沙蚕扰动组(P=0.05)和对照组(P=0.003),其中对表层(0~2 cm)和中层(3~5 cm)的促进效果最为显著;虽然各实验组表层沉积物中荧蒽的去除率均超过50%,但扰动组的去除更快,在36 d时就达最高去除率68%;双齿围沙蚕扰动组底层沉积物中荧蒽的去除率高于厚蟹扰动组和对照组,但差异不显著。研究表明表层沉积物中的荧蒽易去除,厚蟹生物扰动对荧蒽去除有显著促进作用;在距离表层5cm以下的沉积物中荧蒽的持久性增强,但生物扰动作用可促进其去除。 相似文献
735.
736.
737.
Environmental indicator systems are a fundamental tool in quantifying the environmental component of sustainable development.
They are useful because they quantify the status and trends of key environmental parameters and provide information on the
environment that allows authorities and communities to make informed decisions. This article analyzes the basic framework
for Chinese environmental indicator systems and presents a “core” set of environmental indicators. In our research, we used
a theme approach to develop the environmental indicator systems. We performed two case studies of selected indicators. In
the first, we used an urban ambient air pollution composite index and an urban ambient air pollution indicator for three main
pollutants to examine trends in urban air pollution in China from 1990 to 2000 at regional and national levels. The results
indicate that China has made some progress towards controlling urban air pollution, but must do more in order to reach acceptable
pollution levels. We think that an aggregated index and disaggregated indicators have important complementary roles in the
policy-making processes. In the second case study, we developed and constructed a grassland degradation index that aggregates
information on the extent and severity of grassland degradation. Taking the Xilinhaote region of Inner Mongolia as the study
area, we calculated this index by combining remote-sensing data, a geographical information system (GIS), and field investigation.
Based on these results, we provide recommendations regarding further development and measurement of environmental indicators
in China. 相似文献
738.
739.
广佛珠江河网区石油类污染数值模拟研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李彤 《环境监测管理与技术》2014,26(5):8-11
基于EFDC模型,构建了广佛珠江感潮河网区三维水动力模型;同时,通过耦合石油类污染物水力输运与悬沙吸附一沉降过程,构建石油类水质数学模型,从而更全面客观地模拟水体石油类污染物的迁移转化过程。通过2001年1月实例模拟及验证,表明模型能较好地模拟再现珠江水体石油类浓度变化过程,为日后珠江水环境质量监控与水质改善、城市河涌整治成果评价及预测等提供技术支持。 相似文献
740.
Using exploratory regression to identify optimal driving factors for cellular automaton modeling of land use change 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Defining transition rules is an important issue in cellular automaton (CA)-based land use modeling because these models incorporate highly correlated driving factors. Multicollinearity among correlated driving factors may produce negative effects that must be eliminated from the modeling. Using exploratory regression under pre-defined criteria, we identified all possible combinations of factors from the candidate factors affecting land use change. Three combinations that incorporate five driving factors meeting pre-defined criteria were assessed. With the selected combinations of factors, three logistic regression-based CA models were built to simulate dynamic land use change in Shanghai, China, from 2000 to 2015. For comparative purposes, a CA model with all candidate factors was also applied to simulate the land use change. Simulations using three CA models with multicollinearity eliminated performed better (with accuracy improvements about 3.6%) than the model incorporating all candidate factors. Our results showed that not all candidate factors are necessary for accurate CA modeling and the simulations were not sensitive to changes in statistically non-significant driving factors. We conclude that exploratory regression is an effective method to search for the optimal combinations of driving factors, leading to better land use change models that are devoid of multicollinearity. We suggest identification of dominant factors and elimination of multicollinearity before building land change models, making it possible to simulate more realistic outcomes. 相似文献