水上事故溢油运动轨迹与环境归宿预测模型的研究进展

以事故溢油在水面上的运动轨迹和环境归宿为研究对象,重点对溢油水下分散过程、岸边黏附及受水流冲刷下油膜质量衰减过程、水体悬浮物对石油黏附/吸附量的预测模型研究成果,以及目前日益受到关注的河流溢油模型的研究进展进行归纳总结。对比分析了不同预测模型结构功能差异和适用性问题,为不同环境条件下溢油事故的后预警、后预测提供模型选择依据和技术支持。最后就溢油模型尚存的一些问题及未来发展的方向进行了探讨。     

典型锥形结构两点响应控制试验研究

目的 研究小长径比结构进行两点振动响应控制时的可行性,提升地面振动模拟真实性.方法 针对一长径比约3:1的短圆锥结构,首先以圆锥表面气动载荷为振动输入载荷,通过数值仿真获得结构在自由状态下内部两点的加速度功率谱密度曲线,再采用激励杆和激励板的形式进行两点激励加载,控制要求的两点加速度响应.将真实响应的控制结果 与常用梯...     

Evaluation of N2O emission from rainfed wheat field in northwest agricultural land in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The net greenhouse gas (NGHG) emissions and net greenhouse gas intensity (NGHGI) were investigated via the determination of nitrous oxide (N2O)...     

视觉分心程度对跟车运动状态的影响

为明确驾驶人在不同复杂度的交通环境下视觉分心程度对跟车运动状态的影响,在驾驶模拟器上搭建城市、乡村和高速道路3种交通环境,利用视线遮挡方法,设置O、1和2s等3种固定时长,量化被试视觉分心程度;对26位被试进行模拟器驾驶试验,采集车辆速度、纵向加速度和车辆位置等参数;采用重复测量一般线性模型,分析视觉分心程度对上述参数...     

溶解性有机质强化棉花修复镉污染土壤

为探究溶解性有机质(DOM)对棉花修复镉(Cd)污染土壤的影响,通过盆栽试验研究棉花秸秆溶解性有机质(CM)和农家肥溶解性有机质(FM)在3种外源Cd(mg·kg-1)添加含量为0(C0)、5(C5)和10(C10)下对土壤有效态Cd含量、棉花生物量、光合作用参数和Cd积累的影响.结果表明,CM和FM施入能提高土壤有效...     

Arsenate (As) uptake by and distribution in two cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Two cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Jing 411 and Lovrin 10) were used to investigate arsenate (As) uptake and distribution in plants grown in hydroponic culture and in the soil. Results showed that without As addition, Lovrin 10 had higher biomass than Jing 411 in the soil pot experiment; in the hydroponic experiment Lovrin 10 had similar root biomass to and lower shoot biomass than Jing 411. Increasing P supply from 32 to 161 microM resulted in lower tissue As concentrations, and increasing As supply from 0 to 2,000 microM resulted in lower tissue P concentrations. Increasing P supply tended to increase shoot-to-root ratios of As concentrations, and increasing As supply tended to decrease shoot-to-root ratios of As concentrations. Both cultivars invested more in root production under P deficient conditions than under P sufficient conditions. Lovrin 10 invested more biomass production to roots than Jing 411, which might be partly responsible for higher shoot P and As concentrations and higher shoot-to-root ratios of As concentrations. Moreover, Lovrin 10 allocated less As to roots than Jing 411 and the difference disappeared with decreasing P supply.     

长江荆江分蓄洪区历史演变、前景和风险管理

依据社会经济统计数据、水文资料、遥感影像信息和实地调查资料，分析了荆江分蓄洪区在历史演变过程中形成的分洪与发展的矛盾及其在未来长江流域防洪体系中的重要作用，指出其风险管理的必要性。运用基于GIS栅格数据的二维水动力洪水动态演进模型，对荆江分蓄洪区1954年的分洪过程进行了模拟和验证，模拟了不同分洪规划方案下的洪水淹没范围，水深和水位，并结合现阶段社会经济发展情况，定量估算了农户和农业的分洪可能损失。在分洪损失评估基础上提出了荆江分蓄洪区引导人口合理发展、促进土地有效利用、开展防洪教育、实施洪水保险和确保安全运用预案等减轻洪水损失提高运用机率的洪水风险管理初步方案。     

PCDD/F formation during thermal desorption of chlorobenzene contaminated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Unintentional formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) is observed and investigated during the thermal desorption in...     

Citrus stand ages regulate the fraction alteration of soil organic carbon under a citrus/Stropharua rugodo-annulata intercropping system in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil carbon fractionation is a valuable indicator in assessing stabilization of soil organic matter and soil quality. However, limited studies have...