预测流速法在炼厂高温高压烟道烟尘浓度采样分析中的应用与探讨

对预测流速法用于炼厂高温高压烟道采样分析的可行性进行了探讨，介绍了针对高温高压烟道烟尘采样分析特点进行的技术改进，指出该方法存在的问题和保证分析准确度应采取的措施。     

操作条件对污水再生处理絮凝工艺中病原性原虫去除特性的影响

再生水中的隐孢子虫和贾第鞭毛虫会通过直接或间接的方式影响人体健康.与传统的消毒手段相比,絮凝、澄清、过滤等污水深度处理工艺能有效地控制两虫污染.本研究主要考察了絮凝剂种类、投加量、pH和温度等操作条件对污水再生处理絮凝过程中病原性原虫去除特性的影响.结果发现,污水絮凝过程中,pH为6～8时两虫的去除率较高,低温条件不利于两虫的去除.氯化铁对两虫的去除率随投加量的增加而增加;硫酸铝絮凝和聚合氯化铝的最佳投加量分别为70 mg/L和20　mg/L左右.     

Atrazine accumulation and toxic responses in maize Zea mays

Atrazine accumulation, oxidative stress, and defense response in maize seedlings exposed to extraneous atrazine were studied. Accumulation of atrazine in maize increased with increasing exposure concentration. The abscisic acid (ABA) content was positively correlated with the atrazine concentrations in maize roots and shoots (p < 0.05). Hydroxyl radical (·OH) in maize was determined in vivo with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Its intensity was positively correlated with atrazine concentration in roots and shoots (p < 0.05), and higher level of ·OH generated in roots than in shoots corresponded to the major accumulation of atrazine in roots. Superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in roots were up-regulated by atrazine exposure at 1 mg/L compared to the control and malondialdehyde content in roots was enhanced when atrazine exposure concentration reached 10 mg/L. These results suggested the exposure and accumulation of atrazine caused oxidative toxicity and antioxidant response in maize.     

Heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on the surface of montmorillonite particles

The studies on heterogeneous reactions over montmorillonite, which is a typical 2:1 layered aluminosilicate, will benefit to the understanding of heterogeneous reactions on clay minerals. Montmorillonite can be classified as sodium montmorillonite or calcium montmorillonite depending on the cation presented between the different layers. Using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), the heterogeneous reaction mechanism of NO₂ on the surface of montmorillonite was firstly investigated. Results showed that the reaction of NO₂ on the surface of sodium and calcium montmorillonite fit a first-order kinetics, and the reaction duration of calcium montmorillonite was longer than that of sodium montmorillonite under the dry condition. For either sodium or calcium montmorillonite, the uptake coefficient decreased as humidity increased.     

Effects of building aspect ratio, diurnal heating scenario, and wind speed on reactive pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons

A photochemistry coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based numerical model has been developed to model the reactive pollutant dispersion within urban street canyons, particularly integrating the interrelationship among diurnal heating scenario (solar radiation affections in nighttime, daytime, and sun-rise/set), wind speed, building aspect ratio (building-height-to-street-width), and dispersion of reactive gases, specifically nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and ozone (O₃) such that a higher standard of air quality in metropolitan cities can be achieved. Validation has been done with both experimental and numerical results on flow and temperature fields in a street canyon with bottom heating, which justifies the accuracy of the current model. The model was applied to idealized street canyons of different aspect ratios from 0.5 to 8 with two different ambient wind speeds under different diurnal heating scenarios to estimate the influences of different aforementioned parameters on the chemical evolution of NO, NO₂ and O₃. Detailed analyses of vertical profiles of pollutant concentrations showed that different diurnal heating scenarios could substantially affect the reactive gases exchange between the street canyon and air aloft, followed by respective dispersion and reaction. Higher building aspect ratio and stronger ambient wind speed were revealed to be, in general, responsible for enhanced entrainment of O₃ concentrations into the street canyons along windward walls under all diurnal heating scenarios. Comparatively, particular attention can be paid on the windward wall heating and nighttime uniform surface heating scenarios.     

市政污水处理厂事故水池设计及配套应急响应措施

与普通工矿企业的污水处理系统相比,市政污水处理系统规模大、源头广,其配套的事故水池不仅容积大,投资高,而且控制难。本文从动态管理角度,提出了一种市政污水处理厂事故水池的设计方法以及配套应急响应措施,既能有效发挥事故水池的作用,遏制环境事故,又能减少事故水池容积,节省占地与投资。     

罗时江湿地对总氮、总磷削减效果的初步分析

本研究考察了罗时江湿地对污染水体中总氮和总磷的脱除效率,湿地出口处与入口处总氮总磷的变化规律及总磷、总氮的综合降解系数。结果表明:罗时江湿地对总氮的平均去除效率为50.8%,对总磷的平均去除效率为24.4%;湿地出口水体总氮含量的变化与入口水体总氮含量的变化不一致,出口水体中总磷含量的变化与入口水体中总磷含量的变化基本保持一致;总氮、总磷的平均综合降解系数分别为0.414d-1、0.225d-1。     

Mechanism of Hg oxidation in the presence of HCl over a commercial V2O5–WO3/TiO2 SCR catalyst

Experiments were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor containing a commercial V₂O₅/WO₃/TiO₂ catalyst to investigate mercury oxidation in the presence of HCl and O₂. Mercury oxidation was improved significantly in the presence of HCl and O₂, and the Hg⁰ oxidation efficiencies decreased slowly as the temperature increased from 200 to 400°C. Upon pretreatment with HCl and O₂ at 350°C, the catalyst demonstrated higher catalytic activity for Hg⁰ oxidation. Notably, the effect of pretreatment with HCl alone was not obvious. For the catalyst treated with HCl and O₂, better performance was observed with lower reaction temperatures. The results showed that both HCl and Hg⁰ were first adsorbed onto the catalyst and then reacted with O₂ following its adsorption, which indicates that the oxidation of Hg⁰ over the commercial catalyst followed the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. Several characterization techniques, including Hg⁰ temperature-programmed desorption (Hg-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were employed in this work. Hg-TPD profiles showed that weakly adsorbed mercury species were converted to strongly bound species in the presence of HCl and O₂. XPS patterns indicated that new chemisorbed oxygen species were formed by the adsorption of HCl, which consequently facilitated the oxidation of mercury.     

基于IHS-RELM的回采工作面瓦斯涌出量预测

针对回采工作面瓦斯涌出这样复杂的动态变化系统,提出了改进的和声搜索算法(IHS)与正则极速学习机(RELM)相结合的预测方法。对和声搜索算法的基本原理进行了研究,通过采用动态变化的PAR和BW值,优化和声搜索算法的全局搜索能力;利用IHS选取RELM中的输入层权值(IW)和隐含层阈值(B),以均方根误差为目标函数,提高了算法的预测精度。仿真实验结果表明,通过与已有的BP神经网络和SVM预测模型作对比,该方法具有更好的预测效果。     

广西建设项目环境监理发展现状和对策研究

介绍了我国建设项目环境监理工作的起源和发展,以及广西环境监理工作的现状;梳理了试点省份建设项目环境监理的主要做法、成功经验和存在问题;重点对其工作管理模式、监管要求、收费标准及对机构、人员素质的要求等加以总结;针对广西建设项目环境监理管理体系尚未建立等实际,提出了当前广西环境监理初步发展的建议。