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881.
882.
关帝山森林土壤真菌群落结构与遗传多样性特征 总被引:7,自引:6,他引:1
土壤微生物群落驱动土壤碳、氮、磷、硫生物地球化学循环,在维持土壤碳汇和生态系统功能等方面发挥重要的作用.分析环境与空间因素在寒温性针叶林土壤微生物群落构建中的作用,可以为区域森林生态系统管理措施的制定提供理论依据.本文利用Illumina高通量测序技术分析了关帝山庞泉沟自然保护区华北落叶松(Larix principis-rupprechtii)林、青杄(Picea wilsonii)林、油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)林以及桦树(Betula spp.)林这4种林型的5个土壤真菌群落(Lp MC1、Lp MC2、Pw MC、Pt MC和BMC)的结构.同时测定林下土壤环境因子及林下植被多样性,分析真菌群落的结构与植被和土壤环境因子的相关性.结果表明:(1)5个样地中共有7个真菌门和33个优势真菌属;(2)冗余分析结果表明:土壤pH、温度、含水率、全氮含量、NH+4含量、全碳含量、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、林下植被优势度和均匀度与土壤真菌群落结构显著相关;(3)聚类分析和PCA分析结果表明,森林植被类型、土壤环境因子和林下植被对土壤真菌群落结构影响显著.(4)空间变量(PCNM)分析结果表明,在局域尺度(local scale)上扩散限制对研究区域真菌群落构建的影响不显著.本研究区森林土壤真菌群落结构主要受到环境选择(土壤pH、温度、含水率、全氮含量、NH+4含量、全碳含量、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、林下植被优势度和均匀度、森林类型)的显著影响. 相似文献
883.
884.
Shaocai Yu Rohit Mathur Daiwen Kang Kenneth Schere Daniel Tong 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(2):355-363
The integrated process rates (IPRs) estimated by the Eta–CMAQ model at grid cells along the trajectory of the air mass transport path were analyzed to quantitatively investigate the relative importance of physical and chemical processes for O3 formation and evolution over the northeastern U.S. during the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) period. The Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model is used to determine the back trajectory of air masses reaching the northeast by linking a downwind receptor to upwind source areas. The process analysis is applied to a high O3 episode occurring on July 22, 2004 at three selected sites in the northeastern U.S. The process analysis at the location of the site shows that during the daytime, the O3 concentrations in the surface layer are mainly enhanced by the vertical diffusion of O3-rich air from aloft, followed by horizontal advection (HADV) and chemical production (CHEM), whereas dry deposition (DDEP) and vertical advection (ZADV) mainly deplete O3 concentrations at the sites of Valley Central (VC), NY and Castle Spring (CS), NH. By integrating the effects of each process over the depth of the daytime planetary boundary layer (PBL), it was found that at the VC site, CHEM and HADV contributed about 53% and 41%, respectively, to O3 levels within the PBL. This confirms the significance of regional transport of O3 from the industrialized areas into the Northeast. On the other hand, the process analysis results for O3 formation in moving air masses indicate that on July 22, large chemical production of O3 along the transport path over the polluted urban regions leads to significant increase in O3 in the air mass reaching the VC site, whereas the low chemical production of O3 along the transport path over the low emission regions leads to the low O3 concentration at the site of Belleayre Mountain (BM), NY. The dramatic buildup of O3 concentration from 50 ppb to 102 ppb in the air masses before reaching the VC site after 12:00 EST on 7/22 indicates the significant impact of pollution from the northeastern urban corridor at this site. On the basis of the results at the CS site, it was found that high NOx emissions along the transport path led to large chemical production of O3 in the air mass reaching the CS site on July 22. In contrast, the low chemical production of O3 associated with low emission (relatively clean conditions) along the transport path over the northern portions of the domain is responsible for the low O3 concentration at the CS site on July 26. 相似文献
885.
886.
本文从ML3.1级地震震群的活动与矿区的地震地质构造背景出发,结合矿山的开采、抽排水等人为因素,对该地震通过波形对比分析,成因讨论认为:这次地震为诱发构造型矿震。 相似文献
887.
本文根据酵母废液的水质特点,采用了常温升流式厌氧污泥床处理工艺,即温度在26.8-28.0℃,进水COD为7129-9823mg·l^-1时,达到CDO去除率66.0-71.0%,同时,沼气产率为2.4-3.0L·l^-1·d^-1,沼气中烷含量为61.5-69.1%。该法耗能小,沼气可回收,经济效果明显。 相似文献
888.
Wei Luo Yonglong Lu Yan Zhang Wenyou Fu Bin Wang Wentao Jiao Guang Wang Xiaojuan Tong John P. Giesy 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(12):2599-2607
Concentrations of As and selected metals were determined in surface soils of the Miyun Reservoir watershed of Beijing, China. The degree to which concentrations of As and metals exceeded the corresponding background concentration of soils was: Cr > Cu > Zn > As > Ni with no apparent anthropogenic contamination with Cd and Pb. Based on the results of a combination of multivariate statistics and geostatistical analysis, greater concentrations of Cr and Ni in soils were determined to be primarily from iron ore mining near where the Chaohe River enters the northeast portion of the reservoir. Agricultural activities were responsible for the observed elevated concentrations of Cu and Zn in soils. Relatively great concentrations of As were found in soils near the upstream regions of the Baihe River in Chicheng County where small gold mining activities have taken place. The greatest potential for adverse effects of Cr and Cu occurred along the eastern shore of Miyun Reservoir. 相似文献
889.
Clean processing of copper converter slag to reclaim cobalt and copper could be a challenge. An innovative and environmentally sound approach for recovering valuable metals from such a slag has been developed in the present study. Curing the slag with strong sulphuric acid, without re-smelting or roasting as practiced currently in the industry, render it accessible to leaching, and more than 95% of cobalt and up to 90% of copper was extracted together with iron by water leaching, leaving silica behind in a residue. The copper in the leach liquor was recovered by cementation with iron and the dissolved iron crystallized as ferrous sulphate monohydrate. The cobalt in the mother-liquor rich in iron was recovered by either cementation or sulphide precipitation. Operation variables in the new process were also investigated and optimized. 相似文献
890.
Julie R. Marentette Grace Wang Stephanie Tong Natalie M. Sopinka Matthew D. Taves Marten A. Koops Sigal Balshine 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(12):2239-2249
Activity levels are modulated by trade-offs between reducing predation risk and the need to move in order to find food or
mates. Because these trade-offs affect males and females differently, many species show sex-specific movement, dispersal patterns,
and spatial navigation capacities, with the sex that gains the most from territory ownership often dispersing less. Unlike
mammals and birds, sex differences in movement among fishes remain poorly studied, and the connections between tests of movement
propensity in the laboratory and in the field are rarely made. Here, we examine the differences in movement between male and
female round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) in both laboratory and field settings. This fish species is invasive in North America and currently undergoing further range
expansions. In the laboratory, round goby males were more active and explored a novel environment more readily than did females.
A large-scale mark–recapture study in Lake Ontario over two years revealed that males moved more than females between years,
but there were no within-year sex differences. Thus, round goby display male-biased movement patterns, providing a comparison
point to dispersal patterns in other taxa. Understanding sex-specific movement of round goby in the field will also help predict
dispersal and population dynamics, both in areas where round goby have already become established and where they are continuing
to invade. 相似文献