不同生物联合净化富营养化水体的效果

利用野外原位围隔研究了鱼类、底栖动物和水生植物的不同组合对富营养化水体的净化效果。研究结果表明,鲴鱼（Plagiognathops microlepis Bleeker）能有效削减水体中TN,高锰酸盐指数和Chl-a,其中15 g·m-3投加密度的实验组高锰酸盐指数和Chl-a的削减率提高了8%,效果优于密度7.5 g·m-3的实验组,但不利于TP的去除;螺（Bellamya aeruginosa）和蚌（Hyriopsis cumingii）的投加对水体营养盐的去除有较好的效果,其中对Chl-a的影响最为显著（pWaterspinach）和水芹（Watersfennel）对水体中营养盐的去除差异不显著（p>0.05）,蕹菜略好于水芹。本研究结果可为水生生态系统调控和修复提供科学依据。     

改性木屑对水中苯胺的动态吸附

采用β-环糊精对木屑改性用于吸附苯胺,通过固定床实验考察了吸附床高度（10~30 mm）、进水流速（2.7~8.1 mL·min-1）和苯胺初始浓度（50~200 mg·L-1）对穿透曲线的影响,同时使用BDST模型对吸附穿透曲线进行拟合。结果表明,改性木屑可以有效吸附苯胺,随着高度的增加,穿透时间延长,固定床对苯胺的去除率增大;随着苯胺进水流速和初始浓度的增加,穿透时间缩短,固定床对苯胺的去除率降低;BDST模型对穿透曲线的拟合效果较好（Ct/C0=0.7,R2=0.999 0）,随着运行时间的增加,固定床的吸附速率常数（Ka）变小,对苯胺的吸附量（N0）增大;当改变流速时,运用该模型能较准确的预测吸附固定床的操作时间。     

测定苯胺类化合物pH控制范围及调节方法的研究

介绍了NEDA法反应机理及其酸度、pH调节方法对实验结果的影响，叙述了合理调整pH控制范围及改进pH调节方法，可以得到最大灵敏度、最佳分析效果及理想的实验方法。该方法可在化工、纺织、染料、生态、环境保护等相关领域广泛应用。     

Potential for the desalination of a brackish groundwater aquifer under a background of rising sea level via salt intrusion prevention river gates in the coastal area of the Red River Delta,Vietnam

Additional freshwater sources are required in many parts of the world, including the coastal areas of the Red River Delta (RRD), where the groundwater (GW) is generally brackish. Determining a feasible method for desalinating brackish aquifers would help provide additional freshwater sources. However, substantial desalination of brackish aquifers cannot be achieved under the natural conditions of GW flow and precipitation recharge. Although rainfall recharge to the shallow Holocene aquifer has occurred for hundreds of years, the aquifer still remains brackish since the natural hydraulic conditions do not allow a complete mixing between the fresh recharged water and aquifer salinized water or the discharging of the aquifer salinized water. The planned salt intrusion prevention gates in the Red River, Tra Ly River and Hoa River in the RRD coastal area, combined with increased GW abstraction and associated aquifer recharge with fresh river water, could result in the gradual desalination of the shallow Holocene aquifer. These effects would help improve the area’s resilience to freshwater shortages and sea level rises and would allow for the creation of a long-term sustainable water resource development plan to manage the salinization of water resources caused by sea level rises. Finite element (FE) modeling of GW flow, solute transport via GW flow and dynamic programming (DP) have been used to study the potential desalination of brackish aquifers, the magnitude of GW abstraction quantities and the spatial and temporal aspects of desalination. FE modeling of GW flow coupled with DP was utilized to identify the magnitude of sustainable abstraction quantities and the GW flow field, which is required in salt transport models. Multiple sizes of elements and time steps were used to adapt to the unsteady state of GW flow and hydraulic head variables between the elements in the FE meshes in order to ensure reasonable accuracy of numerical modeling. The GW flow and salt transport modeling and DP allowed determining quasi-steady-state GW abstraction rates and aquifer salinity levels for conditions that did and did not include the shallow Holocene unconfined aquifer recharge from rainfall. The aquifer modeled domain which is supposed to serve the pumping well field is 1.5 km². The results showed that the Holocene aquifer may provide a stable abstraction rate of 100 m³/day starting in the 6th year (for the worst-case scenario with zero aquifer recharge from rainfall) to 130 m³/day starting in the 3rd year (for the scenario with aquifer recharge equal to 3% of the rainfall levels). During the first years of GW abstraction, the desalination of the brackish upper Holocene aquifer will mainly occur in the area close to the river, and at the 18th year of abstraction, almost the entire area between the river and line of pumping wells would be desalinized. From the 10th year of abstraction, the abstracted water has a total dissolved solids content lower than 0.5 g/l for the worst-case scenario with zero aquifer recharge from rainfall and lower than 0.42 g/l for the scenario with aquifer recharge equal to 3% of the rainfall. The modeling results indicate the simulated process by which abstraction of groundwater adjacent to the Tra Ly River could desalinize the brackish aquifer via freshwater recharge from the river.     

活性炭-微波辐射法去除苯酚的机理研究

通过微波辐射前后水样的紫外分光扫描分析,以及微波辐射后水样中的苯酚浓度和COD浓度之间线性相关性分析表明,活性炭-微波辐射强化除酚效率的主要机理是微波使反应体系温度升高导致的活性炭加速吸附作用,而不是微波诱导催化氧化作用。通过对微波辐射前后活性炭的SEM扫描电镜分析说明,活性炭在微波场中由于“微域爆炸”导致其表面及内部孔隙结构的变化, 吸附性能得到改善,是强化苯酚去除的另一原因。 研究还表明,在较短的作用时间内,活性炭-微波辐射法的除酚效率高于常温吸附,但低于沸腾条件下的高温吸附。活性炭-微波辐射去除苯酚的规律遵循其吸附特性,温度越高,吸附反应速度越快。     

大气环境中汞的形态及其分析方法

本文引用了近二十年来与大气环境中汞的形态和分析方法有关的２０多篇文章,对各种方法的优缺点进行了比较。     

Arsenate (As) uptake by and distribution in two cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Two cultivars of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Jing 411 and Lovrin 10) were used to investigate arsenate (As) uptake and distribution in plants grown in hydroponic culture and in the soil. Results showed that without As addition, Lovrin 10 had higher biomass than Jing 411 in the soil pot experiment; in the hydroponic experiment Lovrin 10 had similar root biomass to and lower shoot biomass than Jing 411. Increasing P supply from 32 to 161 microM resulted in lower tissue As concentrations, and increasing As supply from 0 to 2,000 microM resulted in lower tissue P concentrations. Increasing P supply tended to increase shoot-to-root ratios of As concentrations, and increasing As supply tended to decrease shoot-to-root ratios of As concentrations. Both cultivars invested more in root production under P deficient conditions than under P sufficient conditions. Lovrin 10 invested more biomass production to roots than Jing 411, which might be partly responsible for higher shoot P and As concentrations and higher shoot-to-root ratios of As concentrations. Moreover, Lovrin 10 allocated less As to roots than Jing 411 and the difference disappeared with decreasing P supply.     

偶氮染料结构与其生物降解性关系研究进展

本文阐述了偶氮染料结构－生物降解性定性关系，生物降解机制，并对偶氮染料结构－生物降解性定量关系的有关参数进行了论述。     

镁-铝水滑石的制备及其脱色性能

以不同的Mg^2＋与Al^3＋摩尔比制备一系列的镁-铝水滑石，考察镁-铝水滑石对单一品种模拟分散染料废水的脱色效果。实验结果表明，以n（Mg^2＋）：n（Al^3＋）为3：1制得的镁-铝水滑石对模拟分散染料废水的脱色效果最好；脱色处理后的镁-铝水滑石再生后可重复使用，它对模拟分散染料废水的脱色效果与新的镁-铝水滑石的脱色效果几乎没有差别；在模拟分散染料废水pH为10～11、镁-铝水滑石的加入量为1.0g／L、反应2h的条件F，模拟分散染料废水的脱色率为98％。