Effect of applying chemical fertilizers on forms of lead and cadmium in red soil

A three-month incubation study was undertaken to examine the influence of N, P and K on the various forms (soluble plus exchangeable (SE), weakly specifically adsorbed (WSA), Fe-Mn oxides bound (OX), organic matter complexed (OM) and residual fractions (RES)) of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in a red soil. Application of urea at the rate of 200 mg N/kg significantly lowered the SE fraction, but raised the WSA or OX fraction of both metals. Supply of 80 mg P/kg caused a decrease in the SE fraction of the two metals. The WSA fraction of Pb was reduced, whereas that of Cd increased by adding P. However, addition of 100 mg K/kg led to an increase in the SE fraction, but a decrease in the WSA fraction of Pb and Cd. Applying chemical fertilizers had no significant consistent influences on the other fractions of metals. These findings suggest that in heavy metal contaminated red soil, applying fertilizers does not only provide plant nutrients, but may also change the speciations and thus biovailability of heavy metals.     

类-Fenton体系对水中17β-雌二醇的光降解

以250W照明金属卤化物灯为光源研究了水中17β雌二醇(E2)在类Fenton体系中的光降解。结果表明,Fe(Ⅲ)/H2O2体系能有效地光降解E2。pH3～6范围内,E2光降解率及反应初始速率随酸度的增大而增大;H2O2初始浓度越大,E2降解率及反应初始速率越大;E2初始浓度越低,E2降解率越高,反应初始速率越低。     

Effect of fungicidal seed treatments on alfalfa growth and nodulation by Rhizobiummeliloti

A study of the effect of 5 fungicide seed treatments on alfalfa ($\text{Medicago}$$\text{sativa}$ L. var. Vernal) growth and nodulation by $\text{Rhizobium}$$\text{meliloti}$ 102F66 was conducted in a growth chamber. Captan, maneb and thiram exhibited greater toxicity to $\text{R}$. $\text{meliloti}$ and alfalfa plants than that of benomyl and zineb. Recovery of the inhibitory effect was rapid.     

Chemical methods and phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals

The effects of chemical amendments (calcium carbonate (CC), steel sludge (SS) and furnace slag (FS)) on the growth and uptake of cadmium (Cd) by wetland rice, Chinese cabbage and wheat grown in a red soil contaminated with Cd were investigated using a pot experiment. The phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with vetiver grass was also studied in a field plot experiment. Results showed that treatments with CC, SS and FS decreased Cd uptake by wetland rice, Chinese cabbage and wheat by 23-95% compared with the unamended control. Among the three amendments, FS was the most efficient at suppressing Cd uptake by the plants, probably due to its higher content of available silicon (Si). The concentrations of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and Cd in the shoots of vetiver grass were 42-67%, 500-1200% and 120-260% higher in contaminated plots than in control, respectively. Cadmium accumulation by vetiver shoots was 218 g Cd/ha at a soil Cd concentration of 0.33 mg Cd/kg. It is suggested that heavy metal-contaminated soil could be remediated with a combination of chemical treatments and plants.     

LAS在滇池典型入湖河口缺氧水体中的生物降解

利用"河水衰减法"研究了不同培养条件下阴离子表面活性剂LAS在滇池典型入湖河口(海河口)缺氧水体中的生物降解及其动力学,探讨了温度、pH值、LAS的初始浓度、添加营养盐(NH4Cl或NaH2PO4)以及曝气等因素对LAS生物降解的影响.结果表明,在河口水体中的不同条件下,试验26 d后LAS的生物降解率都达95%以上,且降解服从二级动力学模型.温度、LAS的初始浓度、添加营养盐以及曝气均对LAS的降解有一定的影响.当水温从10℃增至25℃时,其降解速率P从0.21 d-1增至0.90 d-1;在连续曝气时,LAS的降解速率也由缺氧状态的0.72 d-1提高至1.97 d-1;LAS的初始浓度增大,其降解速率减小;添加NaH2,PO4能明显地促进LAS的降解,但是NH4Cl对其降解产生抑制;不同pH值(7.05-9.44)对其降解影响不明显.     

我国环境监测现状分析及发展对策

环境监测是环境保护工作中的基础性工作,对整个环保工作起着至关重要的作用.主要从环境监测的发展现状、存在问题、问题原因分析及解决对策等方面对我国环境监测进行阐述,为我国环境监测在环境保护工作中起到应有的作用提供参考依据.     

La对Cd伤害大豆幼苗的生态生理作用

以盆载法研究了Cd对大豆幼苗的伤害及La对Cd伤害的缓解效应。结果表明,500mg/L CdCl₂严重抑制大豆幼苗的代谢与生长,叶面喷布30mg/LLaCl³一次,能缓解Cd毒造成的伤害。实验证明,这与La能增加大豆幼苗光合速率,提高叶绿素含量与硝酸还原酶活性、降低细胞质膜透性与植株体内Cd含量、维持TTC还原力等多重作用相关。     

降低真空滤油机的噪声

采用真空滤油机处理及再生润滑油 ,不仅可以节省资源 ,保护环境 ,还可以降低企业的生产成本。虽然真空滤油机有上述优点 ,但是现有的真空滤油机工作时噪声大。笔者分析了真空滤油机噪声大的原因 ,设计了全真空系统滤油机 ,采用全真空系统及其他措施 ,可使真空滤油机的噪声显著降低。     

沉井加桩复合基础水平动力响应特性

沉井加桩复合基础是一种结合沉井及群桩各自优点形成的新型跨江海桥梁深水基础型式。在复杂的江海环境下,基础将承受强风、波浪及地震等引起的水平动荷载作用,其水平动力特性研究是复合基础合理设计施工和推广应用的重要保证。基于动力Winkler模型分别提出了沉井加桩基础的频域非线性及时域非线性计算方法,并同有限元对比验证了简化方法的正确性。通过算例进一步分析了冲刷对沉井加桩基础动力特性的影响规律,结果表明,土体应力历史及土体非线性对复合基础动力阻抗、共振幅值及频率均有显著影响。     

3种染料化合物在UV-TiO2/H2O2和UV-TiO2体系中的光催化降解研究

采用自制的TiO2膜和平板式固定床型光催化氧化反应装置,对甲基橙、茜素红和罗丹明B 3种含有不同生色基团的染料化合物进行了TiO2光催化氧化降解研究,通过对照测定降解过程中吸光度、电导率、pH的变化,分析了在加入和不加入H2O22种情况下降解过程的异同,比较了3种染料化合物脱色的难易程度,揭示了降解产物中无机离子的变化规律及某些可能的产物类型.