SDG-oriented multi-scenario sustainable land-use simulation under the background of urban expansion

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the continuous improvement of urbanization level and the continuous expansion of city scale, there are some unreasonable land development and...     

Assessment of some water quality parameters in the Red River downstream,Vietnam by combining field monitoring and remote sensing method

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Red River is the largest river in northern Vietnam, and it serves as the main water source for production and human activities in the Red River...     

马尾松林地与玉米地土壤有机碳的分异研究

林农生态系统转化对土壤有机碳(SOC)组成和来源产生了较大的影响,但不同学者的结论仍然存在一定差异,且这一转化过程对土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)的影响鲜有报道.基于这一背景,该研究在贵州中部区域选择马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林地和玉米(Zea mays L.)地土壤作为研究对象,通过对SOC和DOC含量和同位素组成的测定,分析林农生态系统转化前后土壤有机碳的分异.结果表明,在马尾松林地剖面中,SOC和DOC含量随剖面深度的变化幅度均大于玉米地土壤,DOC含量最大值出现在5～10 cm处;銼O13C和銬O13C随着土壤深度的加深有所偏正,但銬O13C在剖面中的变异远大于銼O13C,其极差分别为5.015‰和2.431‰;通过对比銬O13C和銼O13C的差异,说明其0～5 cm的DOC主要来源于新成枯枝落叶,而土体内部DOC则主要来自土壤腐殖类物质的转化.在玉米地剖面中,銼O13C和銬O13C随着土壤深度的加深有所偏负,但整个剖面中两值的差异较小,DOC主要来源于土壤腐殖类物质的转化;SOC来源于玉米植物体有机碳(C4-C)的比例介于2.55%～20.80%之间,随剖面层次的加深有降低趋势,但出现"之"字形反复;DOC中C4-C的比例在剖面0～40 cm间较为相近(25.94%～34.54%),40 cm以下则急剧下降(3.18%～15.65%).     

Analysis of biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants in the aquatic food web of the Mekong Delta, South Vietnam using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes

The present study elucidated the biomagnification profiles of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) through a tropical aquatic food web of Vietnam based on trophic characterization using stable nitrogen analysis. Various biological samples collected from the main stream of the Mekong Delta were provided for the analysis for both POPs, and stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios. Of the POPs analyzed, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs) were the predominant contaminants with concentrations ranging from 0.058 to 12 ng/g wet weight, followed by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at 0.017-8.9 ng/g, chlordane compounds (CHLs) at 0.0043-0.76 ng/g, tris-4-chlorophenyl methane (TCPMe) at N.D.-0.26 ng/g, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs) at N.D.-0.20 ng/g and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) at 0.0021-0.096 ng/g. Significant positive increases of concentrations in DDTs, CHLs, and TCPMe against the stable nitrogen ratio (delta(15)N) were detected, while, concentrations of HCHs and HCB showed no significant increase. The slopes of the regression equations between the log-transformed concentrations of these POPs and delta(15)N were used as indices of biomagnification. The slopes of the POPs for which positive biomagnification was detected ranged from 0.149 to 0.177 on a wet weight basis. The slopes of DDTs and CHLs were less than those reported for a marine food web of the Arctic Ocean, indicating that less biomagnification had occurred in the tropical food web. Of the isomers of CHLs, unlike the studies of the Arctic Ocean, oxychlordane did not undergo significant biomagnification through the food web of the Mekong Delta. This difference is considered to be due to a lack of marine mammals, which might metabolize cis- and trans-chlordane to oxychlordane, in the Mekong Delta ecosystem. The biomagnification profile of TCPMe is reported for the first time in the present study.     

粉状活性焦在双层滤料颗粒床中的脱硫试验研究

在双层滤料颗粒床模型试验台上对粒径为300～400目的粉状活性焦进行了脱硫试验,研究了温度、O2和水蒸气体积分数、气体流速、再生次数对脱硫效果的影响.试验结果表明.温度为120℃、O2体积分数为8%、水蒸气体积分数为10%条件下,脱硫效果最好;粉状活性焦在双层滤料颗粒床中经过7次重复吸附.达到硫饱和吸附量为66.2 mg/g.粉状活性焦再生试验表明,随着再生次数的增加.粉状活性焦的脱硫性能呈下降趋势.     

Effect of applying chemical fertilizers on forms of lead and cadmium in red soil

A three-month incubation study was undertaken to examine the influence of N, P and K on the various forms (soluble plus exchangeable (SE), weakly specifically adsorbed (WSA), Fe-Mn oxides bound (OX), organic matter complexed (OM) and residual fractions (RES)) of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in a red soil. Application of urea at the rate of 200 mg N/kg significantly lowered the SE fraction, but raised the WSA or OX fraction of both metals. Supply of 80 mg P/kg caused a decrease in the SE fraction of the two metals. The WSA fraction of Pb was reduced, whereas that of Cd increased by adding P. However, addition of 100 mg K/kg led to an increase in the SE fraction, but a decrease in the WSA fraction of Pb and Cd. Applying chemical fertilizers had no significant consistent influences on the other fractions of metals. These findings suggest that in heavy metal contaminated red soil, applying fertilizers does not only provide plant nutrients, but may also change the speciations and thus biovailability of heavy metals.     

Chemical methods and phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals

The effects of chemical amendments (calcium carbonate (CC), steel sludge (SS) and furnace slag (FS)) on the growth and uptake of cadmium (Cd) by wetland rice, Chinese cabbage and wheat grown in a red soil contaminated with Cd were investigated using a pot experiment. The phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with vetiver grass was also studied in a field plot experiment. Results showed that treatments with CC, SS and FS decreased Cd uptake by wetland rice, Chinese cabbage and wheat by 23-95% compared with the unamended control. Among the three amendments, FS was the most efficient at suppressing Cd uptake by the plants, probably due to its higher content of available silicon (Si). The concentrations of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and Cd in the shoots of vetiver grass were 42-67%, 500-1200% and 120-260% higher in contaminated plots than in control, respectively. Cadmium accumulation by vetiver shoots was 218 g Cd/ha at a soil Cd concentration of 0.33 mg Cd/kg. It is suggested that heavy metal-contaminated soil could be remediated with a combination of chemical treatments and plants.     

微电解+Fenton氧化+二级A/O组合工艺处理农药杀菌剂废水

杀菌剂生产废水含有大量三环唑、无机盐、高毒性物质和难生物降解有机物,对生化细菌有较强的抑制和毒害作用,且BOD5/COD值较小,采用传统生化处理工艺无法进行。现采用微电解、Fenton氧化和二级A/O组合工艺建成的废水处理工程,运行良好,出水各项指标达到环太湖流域排放标准DB 32/1072—2007。     

对美国FHWA公路噪声预测模式的深入讨论

美国ＦＨＷＡ公路噪声预测模式在我国被广为应用，甚至有各种修正模式，但因对原模式的理论依据仍缺少了解，以至在实际应用过程中或对原模式进行修正时诸如参数的选择及计算、模式适用范围等出现了不当或错误现象。本文从理论上对ＦＨＷＡ公路噪声预测模式进行了深入分析、进而讨论了各参数的物理意义、模式的适用范围，并提供了二种特殊情况下公路噪声的预测模式。     

深入认识生态承载力的空间构成发展节约化畜牧业的初探

内蒙古自治区位于祖国北部边疆，地域辽阔，是我国北疆的绿色屏障，由于自然条件的制约，草场保护与草地资源利用间的矛盾比较突出。近几年我区的过度放牧和养殖，使草地面积退化，而且草地建设严重滞后。我区有得天独厚的风能和水资源，但资源分布不均，东部地区水资源和草地资源丰富，而中西部地区风能资源丰富，如何充分认识与利用资源空间有机组成，充分利用生态承载力，实现生存与生态良性发展，则显得十分重要。本文要结合我区的风、水、土、草等资源的分布条件，探讨我区走协调发展的道路。