和谐：可持续发展观的灵魂

本文通过经济基础和上层建筑的关系说明进行环境文化建设的重要性,辨析了不同的环境价值观念和伦理道德,提出人与环境相融和谐的意识是可持续发展观的灵魂     

山东省地下水资源的开发利用

山东省地下水资源分布不均,各地开发利用程度差别较大.本文论述了近年来该省地下水在开发利用过程中存在的问题及其对环境的影响,提出了合理开发地下水资源的对策与措施.     

用于风险评估的二维爆炸场的数值模拟

采用多流体Ｕｕｌｅｒ型方法，对爆轰产物采用可变指数的多方气体状态方程，给出了对二维爆炸场进行模拟的方法，该法可为用压力一冲量准则对可能发生的爆炸事故进行风险评估提供基础。数值计算结果表明，该法适合于各种不同的几何外型，与现有实验结果符合较好。     

深圳妈湾排海工程非设计条件下海水入侵与冲洗研究

本文从微观的角度，分析了排海工程扩散管内海水入侵与冲洗的临界水力特点，并通过理论分析和物理模型试验的相互验证，得出了上述临界水力条件的判别关系式，提出了判别方法，并由此得到了深圳妈湾排海工程防止海水入侵的临界排放流量和出现海水入侵后的最小冲洗流量，为排海工程在非设计条件下的运行管理提供了依据。     

Multivariate statistical characterization of water quality in Lake Lanier, Georgia, USA

Watershed monitoring programs depend on water quality characterization data collected for many parameters, at many times and places, and with limited resources. Our objective is to present a strategy that reduces the measured parameters, locations, and frequency without compromising the quality of the monitoring program. One year of twice-monthly (growing season) and monthly (dormant season) water quality data collected from 17 lake and 10 tributary sites are used in conjunction with multivariate statistical techniques to improve the utility of collected data by identifying key parameters and monitoring locations. Factor analysis shows that tributary water quality data consists of three components-stormwater runoff, municipal and industrial discharges, and ground water-which can be distinguished using total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, and alkalinity plus soluble reactive P, respectively. Lake water quality characterization is more ambiguous than tributary water quality characterization, but factor analysis indicates that anoxia associated with lake stratification is the largest source of lake water quality variation, followed by nutrient abundance, and finally by biomass abundance. Cluster analysis suggests that tributary and lake monitoring stations can be consolidated. Reducing the number of parameters and stations frees up resources for increased monitoring elsewhere.     

非活性黑根霉菌对废水中重金属离子的吸附

为探讨发酵工业中废弃的菌丝体黑根霉菌（Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｕｓｎｉｇｒｉｃａｎｓ）对水中重金属离子的吸附特性,考察ｐＨ、浓度、共存离子等因素对吸附能力的影响,进行了实验室吸附试验,绘制出吸附等温线,并由Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ曲线和Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ曲线求出相应参数。对化学改性前后的黑根霉进行了吸附对比。初步分析了吸附机理。结果表明,黑根霉在ｐＨ＝３—６．５范围内,对Ｐｂ２＋、Ｃｕ２＋、Ｍｎ２＋、Ｃｒ（ＶＩ）几种主要重金属离子都有吸附作用,其中吸附Ｐｂ２＋能力最高,饱和吸附量可达８８ｍｇ／ｇ。经化学改性的黑根霉可不同程度地提高吸附能力。用０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣＩ和ＮａｏＨ可以洗脱和再生。     

Smoke filtration performances of membranes produced from commercial PVA and recycled PET by electrospinning method and ANN modeling

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Plastic waste and air pollution are becoming a great concern due to their adverse effect on human health and the environment. There is increasing...     

Development of nutrient cycle through agricultural activities of a rural area in the North of Vietnam

Material flow analysis (MFA) has been applied to assess the environmental impact of human activities on nutrient flows at the commune scale. This paper reports the assessment of human excreta and animal manure as a nutrient source for paddy fields and fishponds in Hoang Tay commune, Ha Nam province, Vietnam. The quality of MFA model was confirmed through modified uncertainty analysis, then was used to originally quantify and visualize the interlinks of livestock with the environmental sanitation and agricultural system in terms of nutrients. Currently, half of the pig manure was collected to the biogas, and the remainders were freely discharged to the commune’s drainage system (25%) or directly reused in the paddy fields (25%). While wastewater in the drainage system was the biggest source of nitrogen (contributed 46%), paddy field was the biggest source of phosphorous (contributed 55%) discharged to the Nhue River, totaling 57 ± 9 ton N and 29 ± 6 ton P, annually. Consequently, mitigation measures for nutrient resource management were proposed, and reducing half of chemical fertilizers applied and reusing all excreta and manure in the paddy fields were the most effective option.     

土壤电动修复中菲迁移的数值模拟

针对菲污染土壤修复建模的问题,通过对电动力学作用下菲污染土壤的迁移现象的室内模拟实验,确定了影响菲迁移的电渗流、电迁移、对流和弥散4个主要过程,建立了电动力学作用下菲在污染土壤中的迁移模型;运用COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3软件结合迁移模型的各项方程和选取的参数对菲的迁移过程进行了模拟计算。结果表明:当孔隙率分别为0.33、0.38、0.43和0.48时,菲的最大迁移率分别为31.89%、34.78%、37.97%和41.74%;当电压从0.5 V·cm~(-1)增加至2 V·cm~(-1)的过程中,电渗流通量增大,最大迁移率可达到44.35%;修复区域的浓度均呈"碗状"分布,模拟计算得到在中间靠近阳极区域的菲的浓度达到最小值2.14 mol·m~(-3),迁移率最大为38%。模拟计算的菲迁移分布结果与实验所得结果相吻合,证明该模型用于电动修复多环芳烃污染土壤的适用性。     

填埋场不同深度垃圾土反复直剪实验研究

根据垃圾土颗粒大、纤维质多等性质,自行研发了适合垃圾土的反复直剪仪,进行了垃圾土的反复剪切实验。通过对比3组不同深度垃圾土样的反复剪切实验数据,总结出垃圾土的反复剪切性质,得出反复剪切的破环强度、峰值强度和残余强度,并根据破环强度值得出垃圾土的c、φ参数。对比国外填埋场失稳反演得出的垃圾土强度,得出以剪切应变ε=10%作为垃圾土强度的取值。