电除尘器气流分布试验研究和数值计算

结合660 WM机组电除尘器的设计要求,对电除尘器内气流流动进行了数值模拟与试验研究.计算中选择SIMPLE方法求解三维雷诺平均方程和κ-ε两方程湍流模型.研究结果表明,无论电除尘器两室流量分配还是第一电场进口断面气流分布,计算结果与试验吻合较好,数值计算结果可以指导电除尘器设计与模型试验研究.     

污泥果肥利用中重金属迁移特征研究

为了厦门城市污泥的安全利用,将石渭头污水处理厂污泥经过好氧堆肥后施用于柚子树,对重金属元素在土壤、树叶及果肉中的迁移特征进行了研究。结果表明：Cd在土壤中的富集能力强;重金属元素从土壤向树叶迁移累积能力比向果肉的大得多,污泥肥料不能用于叶类食用植物的施用;Cr向树叶、Ni向果肉的迁移累积能力强;泥肥的施用加重了土壤中Cd的污染,提高了Cr向树叶、Ni向果肉的迁移能力;污泥果肥利用需降低Ni的浓度,对污泥中含量较高的Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr和Cd需进行跟踪检测。     

上海市沿海防护林下土壤养分、微生物及酶的典型相关关系

以上海市沿海防护林为研究对象,选择6种不同树种的防护林带,采集0～10、10～20、20～40、40～60cm四层土样为研究材料,运用典型相关分析法,对防护林地土壤养分因子、微生物因子和酶活性因子中每两组变量间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明：三组变量土壤养分、微生物、酶活性中,每两者之间均有显著的典型相关变量存在,而且基本能够代表变量总体相关信息;土壤养分和土壤微生物间的相关主要由全氮、速效磷含量与微生物生物量氮、微生物生物量碳和微生物生物量磷引起;土壤养分与土壤酶活性间的相关性主要由全氮、有效磷、水解氮含量与脲酶、蛋白酶活性的相关性引起;土壤微生物与土壤酶活性间的相关性主要是由微生物生物量氮、微生物生物量磷与脲酶、蛋白酶、碱性磷酸酶活性的相关性引起;不同林地不同土壤层次的养分、微生物及酶活性在各对典型变量上的聚集趋势可为防护林建设过程中的树种选择与土壤健康诊提供一定的依据。     

基于剩余污泥的超声法提取微生物絮凝剂

通过超声系列实验,对超声法从剩余污泥中提取微生物絮凝剂(MBF)进行了系统研究。从剩余污泥中提取的MBF在碱性条件下表现出较好的絮凝活性。提高污泥浓度有利于提取出较高絮凝活性的MBF。由于超声波的破解作用,超声频率或功率过高均不利于MBF的提取。在20 kHz的超声频率下,连续超声比脉冲为1、4或8 s超声时的提取效果均要好。经过工艺优化,采用20 kHz、120 W的超声波对剩余污泥(19.4 g/L)连续超声30 s,所提取的MBF对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率接近70%。结果表明,超声法可用于从剩余污泥中直接提取MBF,在降低MBF生产成本的同时实现污泥的资源化利用。     

粉状活性焦在双层滤料颗粒床中的脱硫试验研究

在双层滤料颗粒床模型试验台上对粒径为300～400目的粉状活性焦进行了脱硫试验,研究了温度、O2和水蒸气体积分数、气体流速、再生次数对脱硫效果的影响.试验结果表明.温度为120℃、O2体积分数为8%、水蒸气体积分数为10%条件下,脱硫效果最好;粉状活性焦在双层滤料颗粒床中经过7次重复吸附.达到硫饱和吸附量为66.2 mg/g.粉状活性焦再生试验表明,随着再生次数的增加.粉状活性焦的脱硫性能呈下降趋势.     

Effect of applying chemical fertilizers on forms of lead and cadmium in red soil

A three-month incubation study was undertaken to examine the influence of N, P and K on the various forms (soluble plus exchangeable (SE), weakly specifically adsorbed (WSA), Fe-Mn oxides bound (OX), organic matter complexed (OM) and residual fractions (RES)) of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in a red soil. Application of urea at the rate of 200 mg N/kg significantly lowered the SE fraction, but raised the WSA or OX fraction of both metals. Supply of 80 mg P/kg caused a decrease in the SE fraction of the two metals. The WSA fraction of Pb was reduced, whereas that of Cd increased by adding P. However, addition of 100 mg K/kg led to an increase in the SE fraction, but a decrease in the WSA fraction of Pb and Cd. Applying chemical fertilizers had no significant consistent influences on the other fractions of metals. These findings suggest that in heavy metal contaminated red soil, applying fertilizers does not only provide plant nutrients, but may also change the speciations and thus biovailability of heavy metals.     

Chemical methods and phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals

The effects of chemical amendments (calcium carbonate (CC), steel sludge (SS) and furnace slag (FS)) on the growth and uptake of cadmium (Cd) by wetland rice, Chinese cabbage and wheat grown in a red soil contaminated with Cd were investigated using a pot experiment. The phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with vetiver grass was also studied in a field plot experiment. Results showed that treatments with CC, SS and FS decreased Cd uptake by wetland rice, Chinese cabbage and wheat by 23-95% compared with the unamended control. Among the three amendments, FS was the most efficient at suppressing Cd uptake by the plants, probably due to its higher content of available silicon (Si). The concentrations of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and Cd in the shoots of vetiver grass were 42-67%, 500-1200% and 120-260% higher in contaminated plots than in control, respectively. Cadmium accumulation by vetiver shoots was 218 g Cd/ha at a soil Cd concentration of 0.33 mg Cd/kg. It is suggested that heavy metal-contaminated soil could be remediated with a combination of chemical treatments and plants.     

降流式厌氧悬浮填料床工艺特性分析

厌氧生物技术能在无氧条件下,通过厌氧微生物的新陈代谢将废水中的有机物转化为无机物,同时产生具有能源回收价值的甲烷,并减少温室气体(CO2)的排放,符合节能环保的原则和发展趋势.在回顾厌氧技术以及厌氧反应器发展的基础上,从现代厌氧反应器的发展理念角度分析了新型厌氧反应器-降流式厌氧悬浮填料床(DASB)的工艺特性.降流式厌氧悬浮填料床在生物量的保持、微生物的多级多相和推流流态等方面较好地符合了新型现代厌氧反应器的发展要求,结构、运行简单,具有较好的处理效果,是中国农村污水处理或预处理的较佳选择.     

海南省旅游地评价及其开发研究

旅游地资源评价和开发研究，是进行旅游开发宏观决策，确定对应的旅游活动类型和接待规模，指导旅游市场开发与景区、景点设计时一项重要的基础研究工作。本文以海南省为例，对旅游地资源的评价制图和旅游开发用地预测方法，进行了有益的探讨。     

微电解+Fenton氧化+二级A/O组合工艺处理农药杀菌剂废水

杀菌剂生产废水含有大量三环唑、无机盐、高毒性物质和难生物降解有机物,对生化细菌有较强的抑制和毒害作用,且BOD5/COD值较小,采用传统生化处理工艺无法进行。现采用微电解、Fenton氧化和二级A/O组合工艺建成的废水处理工程,运行良好,出水各项指标达到环太湖流域排放标准DB 32/1072—2007。