Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Muscle with Relation to the Growth of Two Marine Fish Species

Heavy metal concentrations in muscle and their relation to thegrowth of two marine fish species,including tonguefish( Cynoglossus arel) and mullet( Mugil cephalus),were studied. The samples were collected in Bach Dang estuary andconcentrations of heavy metals( As,Cd,Co,Mn,Cu,Zn,Pb,and V) in muscle of the fisheswere determined. The result showed that the accumulated trend of heavy metal is different between fish species. The concentration of As,Zn,Mn,V,Cu,Pb,Co and Cd in tonguefish were 73. 7 ± 30. 6,22. 82 ± 4.87,3. 44 ± 2. 13,1. 61 ± 0. 15,0. 71 ± 0. 13,0. 45 ± 0. 24,0. 03 ± 0. 02 and 0. 02 ± 0. 02 mg·g-1,respectively. Meanwhile the concentration of Zn,As,V,Mn,Cu,Pb,Co and Cd in mullet were 83. 41 ±19. 68,9. 78 ± 1. 92,1. 36 ± 0. 54,1. 29 ± 0. 51,0. 65 ± 0. 12,0. 42 ± 0. 20,0. 06 ± 0. 03 and0. 03 ± 0. 01mg·g-1,respectively. Comparison of metal levels among thesespecies indicated that the concentrations of As and Mn in tonguefish were significantly higher than those in mullet,whereas Zn levels in mullet were found to be higher than that in tonguefish. There is no significant differences of Cd,Co,Cu,Pb and V levels in muscle between two species. Significant inversed relationshipsbetween concentration levels of metals and lengths of tonguefish were found for Mn,Cu and Zn,butnot for As,Cd,Pb,and V. There were no significant relationships between the heavy metal concentrations and the length of mullet. In general,decreasesof the heavy metal concentrations corresponded to the increases of fish body lengths,particularly for As,Co,Cu,Mn and V and the exception for Cd. Terefore reduced risks were associated with consuming biggermullet fish,and increased risks of As and Cd were associated with consuming bigger tonguefish in Bach Dang river mouth.     

不同材料加固钢筋混凝土短柱的抗震性能试验研究

提出了一种预应力钢带加固钢筋混凝土柱的新技术。进行了2个预应力钢带加固和1个CFRP加固的钢筋混凝土短柱的低周反复加载试验,通过与1个未加固的普通钢筋混凝土短柱的对比研究,比较分析了预应力钢带加固和CFRP加固短柱的破坏形态、滞回曲线、位移延性系数、骨架曲线、耗能性能以及刚度退化。研究结果表明,与未加固短柱相比,预应力钢带加固和CFRP加固的钢筋混凝土短柱极限荷载最大提高幅度分别为30.73%和31.04%,位移延性最大提高幅度分别为32.3%和52%。同等工况下,预应力钢带加固和CFRP加固短柱的抗震性能相近,可防止混凝土压碎剥落和纵筋屈曲,有效抑制混凝土裂缝扩展和减缓试件刚度退化,但预应力钢带加固钢筋混凝土短柱具有显著的经济优势和施工操作优势。     

百草枯生产废水特征污染物组成研究

针对百草枯生产废水进行了包括常规污染物、金属污染物和有机污染物的全面检测分析,得到了该类废水的特征污染物组成。结果表明,该类废水的特征水污染物成分谱包括常规污染物指标COD、氨氮、总磷、总氮;金属污染物指标Se、Hg;特征有机污染物类别为酮类、含氮含硫杂环化合物、卤代烃、苯酚类等,这些物质主要来自原料、合成化学反应的溶剂及副产物。建议该类企业加大对总氮、Se、Hg的减排,并针对甲基异丁基酮、四氢呋喃、联吡啶等难生物降解的特征污染物优化废水处理工艺。     

基于AHP的世界一流能源化工公司HSE绩效综合对比研究

深入分析与综合对比壳牌、埃克森美孚、BP、雪佛龙、道达尔、康菲等6家世界一流能源化工公司近10年HSE绩效数据,利用层次分析法(AHP)构建综合对比分析模型.确定准则层包含的死亡人数、损失工时事故率、可记录事件率等6个二级要素,利用各公司近年HSE绩效数据,定义HSE绩效控制能力指数,确定方案层对准则层的判断矩阵,通过计算得到各公司在HSE绩效综合对比排序,为能源化工企业HSE管理提供参照.     

一种海洋气候环境-摩擦载荷耦合试验设备的研制

目的研制一台海洋气候环境-摩擦载荷耦合试验设备。方法针对相对运动部件在海洋环境下的服役条件,为评价其材料腐蚀磨损性能,分析摩擦载荷与气候环境可能对运动部件造成的交互作用,从机械结构上进行创新,研制一台海洋气候环境-摩擦载荷耦合试验设备。结果该设备可在一定范围内实行载荷、速度控制,利用传感器和数据采集系统完成对摩擦力、摩擦系数、温湿度的采集。设备包含6套下试样夹具,可实现6个样品轮转试验。结论该设备适用于研究服役于海洋气候环境下的材料的腐蚀磨损性能。     

Effects of temperature and composite alumina on pyrolysis of sewage sludge

An interactive dual-circulating fluidized bed system has been proposed in which the pyrolysis of sewage sludge(SS) and incineration of biomass proceed simultaneously, and alumina is used as the bed material and heat carrier. The alumina coated with biomass ash would mix with sewage sludge in the pyrolysis reactor of this device. It is important to know the influence of composite alumina(CA) on the pyrolysis progress. Sewage sludge was pyrolyzed in a fixed bed reactor from 400 to 600°C using CA as catalyst. The effects of temperature and CA additive ratio on the products were investigated. The product yields and component distribution of non-condensable gas were more sensitive to the change of temperature, and the maximum liquid yield of 48.44 wt.% and maximum Useable Energy of Liquid of 3871 k J/kg sludge were observed at 500°C with 1/5 CA/SS(mass ratio). The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results showed that the increase of temperature enhanced devolatilization of organic matter and promoted cyclization and aromatization of aliphatics. The presence of CA could strengthen secondary cracking and interaction among primary products from different organic compounds, such as acid–amine condensation,and reduce the content of oxygenated compounds. When the CA additive amount exceeded a certain proportion, the aromatization was clearly strengthened. The effects of CA on decomposition of fatty acids and formation of aromatics were similar to that of temperature. This means that the reaction temperature could be lowered by introducing CA, which has a positive effect on reducing energy consumption.     

TiO_2纳米管修饰电极处理反渗透浓水研究

研制了新型的TiO2纳米管修饰电极,应用于反渗透膜浓水的电化学氧化处理;利用扫描电镜和线性极化曲线对电极进行了表征;考察了电解时间、电流密度和pH值因素对电化学氧化处理反渗透膜浓水的影响;并分析了电极对反渗透浓水中各有机物组分的去除效果。实验结果表明TiO2纳米管修饰电极对反渗透浓水具有较高的电催化性能。     

改性小麦秸秆吸附Cu2+的动力学和热力学研究

本研究采用ZnCl2作为活化剂,用640W功率的微波照射5min的方法制备改性小麦秸秆。研究了改性小麦秸秆投加量、吸附时间、温度、pH对改性小麦秸秆吸附水溶液中Cu2+的影响,以及对其等温吸附特征、动力学和热力学进行了研究。试验结果表明:投加量为0.1g,pH为6,改性小麦秸秆对Cu2+有较好的吸附效果,吸附在10h后达到平衡。改性小麦秸秆对Cu2+吸附较好地符合Langmuir、Freundlich温吸附模型和准二级动力学方程,吸附过程中△G0,说明属于自发反应。     

一种新型聚四氟乙烯膜在油田采出水的试验研究

本实验装置原水为大庆油田采出水,经过0.1μm聚四氟乙烯膜处理后要求达到SS≤1.0 mg/L、粒径中值≤1μm和0il≤5.0 mg/L的标准,然后再回注。实验结果表明:在预处理出水稳定在0il≤15.0 mg/L、SS≤5.0 mg/L、粒径中值≤3μm条件下,该水质作为膜系统的进水时,膜的出水水质中粒径中值不达标,SS和oil含量能达到设计要求。在预处理出水水质超出设计范围时,膜的出水水质中SS超标,而oil和粒径中值能达标。