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601.
Van Thinh Nguyen Matsumoto Masaru Zaw Myo Kuwahara Yoshihiro Xie Yiping Ozaki Akinori Kurosawa Kiyoshi 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(10):3249-3263
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The arsenic-contaminated groundwater has attracted attention in much south and southeast Asian deltas, however, mainly on the deep aquifers. Here, arsenic... 相似文献
602.
Van Opstal Natalia Verónica Seehaus Mariela Soledad Gabioud Emmanuel Adrian Wilson Marcelo German Galizzi Flavio José Pighini Ramiro Joaquin Repetti Maria Rosa Regaldo Luciana María Gagneten Ana María Sasal María Carolina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(38):57395-57411
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Land use changes have led to the degradation of multiple ecosystem services and affected the quality of aquatic ecosystems. The aims of this study... 相似文献
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Cooke SJ Hinch SG Crossin GT Patterson DA English KK Healey MC Shrimpton JM Van Der Kraak G Farrell AP 《Ecology》2006,87(6):1575-1586
Reproductive-based migration is a challenging period for many animals, but particularly for Pacific salmonids, which must navigate from the high seas to freshwater natal streams. For the first time, we attempt to answer the question as to why some migratory adult Pacific salmon die en route to spawning grounds. Summer-run sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were used as a model, and the migration behavior of 301 fish was followed by intercepting them in the ocean about 215 km from the mouth of the Fraser River, British Columbia, Canada, and implanting a gastric radio transmitter. Before release, telemetered fish were also bio-sampled, which included drawing a blood sample, collecting a gill biopsy, and quantifying energetic status with a microwave energy meter. We tested the predictions that the fish that died prematurely would be characterized by low energy reserves, advanced reproductive development, elevated indicators of stress, and low osmoregulatory preparedness compared with fish that completed their river migration. Just over half (52.3%) of the sockeye tagged were subsequently detected in the Fraser River. Salmon that failed to enter the river had exhibited indicators of stress (e.g., elevated plasma lactate, glucose, and cortisol). Contrary to our prediction, fish that failed to enter the river tended to have higher gross somatic energy and be larger at the time of sampling in the ocean than fish that successfully entered the river. Of the fish that were detected in the river (i.e., 134 fish excluding fishery removals), 9.7% did not migrate beyond the lower reaches (approximately 250 km from ocean), and a further 14.2% reached the upper reaches but failed to reach natal sub-watersheds, whereas the remainder (76.1%) reached natal sub-watersheds. Of these, fish unsuccessful in the lower reaches tended to have a high plasma osmolality in the ocean, whereas fish failing in the upper reaches had lower levels of reproductive hormones in the ocean. 相似文献
605.
Van Meter RJ Spotila JR Avery HW 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,142(3):466-475
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic compounds found in the John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. We assessed the impact of PAHs and crude oil on snapping turtle development and behavior by exposing snapping turtle eggs from the Refuge and from three clean reference sites to individual PAHs or a crude oil mixture at stage 9 of embryonic development. Exposure to PAHs had a significant effect on survival rates in embryos from one clean reference site, but not in embryos from the other sites. There was a positive linear relationship between level of exposure to PAHs and severity of deformities in embryos collected from two of the clean reference sites. Neither righting response nor upper temperature tolerance (critical thermal maximum, CTM) of snapping turtle hatchlings with no or minor deformities was significantly affected by exposure to PAHs. 相似文献
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Konstantin Stolpovsky Paula Martinez-LavanchyHermann J. Heipieper Philippe Van Cappellen Martin Thullner 《Ecological modelling》2011,222(17):3092-3102
Biogeochemical activity in natural and engineered systems depends on the abundances, functional capabilities and physiological states of the indigenous microorganisms. Typically, only a fraction of the microbial population is active at any given time. As environmental conditions change, previously active microorganisms may switch to an inactive or dormant state, while dormant ones may become active. Here, we present an extended modeling concept for the growth and decay of microorganisms that explicitly accounts for their ability to switch between active and dormant states. The equations describing the switching between physiological states are implemented into a biogeochemical reaction simulator. The model was used to reproduce published data from two laboratory experiments in which microorganisms were subjected to intermittent substrate supply or reactivated after a prolonged period of starvation. Parameter values obtained from the simulation of these experiments were used for subsequent sensitivity analyses and for the simulation of hypothetical scenarios. Results for hypothetical microbial communities consisting of two competing species exposed to periodic feeding imply that, under certain conditions, an effective dormancy-reactivation strategy may have a competitive advantage over a fast growth strategy. That is, organisms that can switch rapidly in response to fluctuations in external conditions may outcompete fast-growing organisms. Furthermore, certain combinations of growth and dormancy strategies may lead to the long-term coexistence of the two competing species. Overall, the simulated population dynamics show that dormancy is an important feature of microbial communities, which can lead to complex responses to environmental fluctuations. 相似文献
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Traditionally, evolutionary ecology and conservation biology have primarily been concerned with how environmental changes
affect population size and genetic diversity. Recently, however, there has been a growing realization that phenotypic plasticity
can have important consequences for the probability of population persistence, population growth, and evolution during rapid
environmental change. Habitat fragmentation due to human activities is dramatically changing the ecological conditions of
life for many organisms. In this review, we use examples from the literature to demonstrate that habitat fragmentation has
important consequences on oviposition site selection in insects, with carryover effects on offspring survival and, therefore,
population dynamics. We argue that plasticity in oviposition site selection and maternal effects on offspring phenotypes may
be an important, yet underexplored, mechanism by which environmental conditions have consequences across generations. Without
considering the impact of habitat fragmentation on oviposition site selection, it will be difficult to assess the effect of
fragmentation on offspring fitness, and ultimately to understand the impact of anthropogenic-induced environmental change
on population viability. 相似文献