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排序方式: 共有390条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
191.
Nguyen Anh Tuan 《Natural resources forum》1997,21(3):201-207
This paper discusses the pattern of commercial and traditional energy use in Vietnam and its evolution. It presents the trend of energy-related emissions of CO2 , SO2 and NOx during the past decade with a methodology given in an Appendix. Recent developments of environmental policies and institutions in Vietnam are also discussed. 相似文献
192.
193.
PROBLEM: Fatigue affects a driver's ability to proceed safely. Driver-related fatigue and/or sleepiness are a significant cause of traffic accidents, which makes this an area of great socioeconomic concern. Monitoring physiological signals while driving provides the possibility of detecting and warning of fatigue. The aim of this paper is to describe an EEG-based fatigue countermeasure algorithm and to report its reliability. METHOD: Changes in all major EEG bands during fatigue were used to develop the algorithm for detecting different levels of fatigue. RESULTS: The software was shown to be capable of detecting fatigue accurately in 10 subjects tested. The percentage of time the subjects were detected to be in a fatigue state was significantly different than the alert phase (P<.01). DISCUSSION: This is the first countermeasure software described that has shown to detect fatigue based on EEG changes in all frequency bands. Field research is required to evaluate the fatigue software in order to produce a robust and reliable fatigue countermeasure system. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: The development of the fatigue countermeasure algorithm forms the basis of a future fatigue countermeasure device. Implementation of electronic devices for fatigue detection is crucial for reducing fatigue-related road accidents and their associated costs. 相似文献
194.
Modification of ecological footprint evaluation method to include non-renewable resource consumption using thermodynamic approach 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This study is to modify the ecological footprint methodology by incorporating non-renewable or abiotic resources as an additional category. The use of abiotic resources can be quantified as global hectare by using thermodynamic approaches. A detailed case study on various countries including Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Japan, USA, and Vietnam shows the advantage of using the new modified ecological footprint (EF) as an indicator for sustainable development. The modified EF includes not only biotic resources, but also the abiotic resources. The case study indicates that the modified EF differs from the traditional EF up to 123% in the case of Belgium, and 90% in the case of Australia. For developing countries such as Brazil and Vietnam, the differences are relatively smaller (21% for Brazil and 9.4% for Vietnam). The estimated total ecological footprint of the world using the new method implies more serious problems associated with over consumption than using results from the original ecological footprint method. 相似文献
195.
Vandegehuchte MB Roman YE Nguyen LT Janssen CR De Schamphelaere KA 《Environment international》2007,33(6):736-742
It is generally accepted that the bioavailability of metals in sediments is influenced by the presence of acid volatile sulfides (AVS). The pore water hypothesis predicts that, if the molar concentration of simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in a sediment is smaller than the molar concentration of AVS, the free metal ion activity in the pore water is very small and that consequently no metal toxicity in short-term toxicity tests is observed. In this study we examined (1) if this concept can be extended to predict the absence of chronic Ni toxicity to the oligochaete deposit-feeding worm Lumbriculus variegatus and (2) if the organic carbon normalized excess SEM; i.e. [SEM-AVS]/f(OC) predicts the magnitude of Ni toxicity to L. variegatus. A 28-day toxicity experiment was performed in which biomass production of L. variegatus was determined in two natural sediments with different [AVS] and f(OC), spiked at different Ni concentrations. The absence of toxicity is predicted correctly by the [SEM-AVS]<0 criterion when only the 0-1 cm surface layer of the sediment is considered, but not when the whole bulk sediment is considered (0-3 cm). In both sediments, the same [SEM-AVS]/f(OC) at the surface corresponds with a similar decrease in L. variegatus biomass. Thus, [SEM-AVS]/f(OC) in the surface layer accurately predicts the magnitude of toxicity. This measure is therefore a good estimator of toxicologically available Ni. On the other hand, the free Ni(2+) ion activity in the overlying water appeared to be an equally good predictor of the magnitude of toxicity. Consequently, it was not possible to determine the relative importance of the overlying water and pore water exposure route with the semi-static laboratory experiments. 相似文献
196.
Particulate matter diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) causes direct harm to human health. Finding forms of urban forest systems that with the ability to reduce the amount of particulate matter in air effectively is the aim of this study. Five commonly cultivated kinds of urban forest types were studied in Beijing city at three stages of leaf growth. Results show that the urban forest system is capable of storing and capturing dust from the air. The types of shrubs and broadleaf trees that have the ability to capture PM2.5 from the air are most effective when leaves have fully developed. In the leafless season, the conifer and mixed tree types are the most effective in removing dust from the air. For all kinds of forest types and stages of leaf growth, the PM2.5 concentration is highest in the morning but lower in the afternoon and evening. Grassland cannot control particles suspended in the air, but can reduce dust pollution caused by dust from the ground blown by the wind back into the air. 相似文献
197.
使用1999—2016年0.01°×0.01°高空间分辨率的卫星反演PM2.5浓度数据集,结合精度为1 km×1 km的人口栅格数据,分析了"一带一路"沿线65个国家PM2.5污染与暴露风险的时空变化特征.结果表明:①PM2.5浓度存在着明显的区域分布差异,PM2.5浓度高值区(>35 μg·m-3)主要分布在地形平坦、人口密集的恒河平原、华北平原和中南半岛等区域,中值区(10~35 μg·m-3)主要集中在俄罗斯西部、中东欧、沙特东部和缅甸等区域,而低值区(<10 μg·m-3)主要分布在高海拔、高纬度与荒漠化地区,如青藏高原、西伯利亚、西亚卢特沙漠等区域;②65国年均PM2.5浓度从1999年的12.0 μg·m-3上升到2016年的14.1 μg·m-3,年均增长超过0.1 μg·m-3,累计有22.5%的区域有显著的增加趋势,仅有5.2%的区域呈显著下降趋势;③2000—2016年,PM2.5浓度在35 μg·m-3以上的区域面积比重从2.2%上升到7.2%,暴露人口占比从18.9%增加至41.9%;④人口暴露风险平均值从2000年的665.2增加至2016年的1140.4,Hurst总体均值为0.59,其中大于0.5的持续性区域占82.3%,持续性特征以弱持续性为主. 相似文献
198.
Nguyen Trinh Duy Lee Taeyoon Van Tran Thuan Nguyen Vinh Huu Nong Linh Xuan Bach Long Giang Vo Dai-Viet N. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(2):935-980
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Pollution of waste and natural waters by antibiotics is a major health issue that induces the development of resistant pathogens. Pollutant may be removed by... 相似文献
199.
Rajendran Devi Sri Chidambaram Ashok Kumar Ponnusamy Senthil Venkataraman Swethaa Muthusamy Shanmugaprakash Vo Dai-Viet Nguyen Rangasamy Gayathri Vaithyanathan Vasanth Kumar Vaidyanathan Vinoth Kumar 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2023,21(2):911-934
Environmental Chemistry Letters - Modern biomass and organic waste are becoming major, carbon-neutral sources of fine chemicals, biomolecules and fuels to replace fossil fuel products. As a... 相似文献
200.
Md. Raihanul Islam Sumaiya Akter Ruponti Md. Abdur Rakib Huy Quoc Nguyen Monjur Mourshed 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(6):66