对国家污染物排放（控制）标准体系的探讨

在介绍中国环境保护标准体系发展概况的基础上,对国家污染物排放（控制）标准的体系结构、内容设置进行了研究,探讨了新时期国家污染物排放（控制）标准的发展趋势,结合实例分析了水污染物特别排放限值、有毒污染物的监控等在新颁布的排放（控制）标准中的适用要求。     

Pb(Ⅱ) biosorption using chitosan and chitosan derivatives beads: Equilibrium,ion exchange and mechanism studies

The study examined the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(II) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and different initial concentration of Pb(II) ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non-linear Langmuir isotherm for ch...     

Sequestration of toxic Pb（II） ions by chemically treated rubber （Hevea brasiliensis ） leaf powder

Rubber leaf powder (an agricultural waste) was treated with potassium permanganate followed by sodium carbonate and its performance in the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was evaluated. The interactions between Pb(II) ions and functional groups on the adsorbent surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The effects of several important parameters which can affect adsorption capacity such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial lead concentration and contact time were studied. The optimum pH range for lead adsorption was 4–5. Even at very low adsorbent dosage of 0.02 g, almost 100% of Pb(II) ions (23 mg/L) could be removed. The adsorption capacity was also dependent on lead concentration and contact time, and relatively a short period of time (60–90 min) was required to reach equilibrium. The equilibrium data were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. Based on Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacity of lead was 95.3 mg/g. Three kinetic models including pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and Boyd were used to analyze the lead adsorption process, and the results showed that the pseudo second-order fitted well with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.     

烟梗黄原酸酯吸附铜离子性能研究

以废烟梗为原料,通过制备烟梗黄原酸酯对废烟梗进行化学改性,并用其吸附Cu^2＋。考察了搅拌速度,吸附剂用量,pH,温度,粒度,Cu^2＋初始浓度和吸附时间对吸附量的影响,发现各种参数对Cu^2＋的吸附都有影响。对于50mg／L的Cu^2＋,吸附平衡时间为10min,吸附量为19．30mg／g,Cu^2＋去除率可达96％。室温下吸附Cu^2＋时,可以用拟二级动力学模型描述。结果表明,化学改性的废烟梗去除Cu^2＋具有良好的应用前景。     

长江沿线原油运输的安全环保性能浅析

针对船舶运输和管道运输两种方式,从安全环保角度作了分析对比,指出船舶运输的安全隐患,阐述事故的严重后果;探讨管道运输克服相应安全隐患的物理根源.阐明管道运输是更为安全的运输方式.仪长输油管道的投产使原油运输由船舶运输改为管道运输,指出SCADA系统有力促进了仪长输油管道的本质安全.     

医化行业挥发性有机废气（VOCs）排放特征及防治对策

为了防治医化行业挥发性有机废气（VOCs）环境污染,推动医化行业的可持续发展,本文通过全面调查VOCs的排放源头、排放方式、防治措施,对比分析了各种末端处理技术的优劣,确定了医化行业有机废气（VOCs）防治的有效方式。     

佛山水道底泥环保疏浚研究

介绍了佛山水道概况、水体功能及水污染现状,对底泥污染物释放影响佛山水道水质的机理进行了分析,在此基础上提出了底泥环保疏浚方案并进行了比选.     

我国矿山地质环境问题

介绍了我国矿山环境现状和矿山地质环境的主要问题。例如相关法律法规不完善、开采方式等技术落后,多头管理。治理手段单一等。分析产生这些问题的原因,针对这些的问题提出了相应的建议和对策。     

南京城区黑臭河道底泥污染特征及生态风险评价

河道黑臭是目前我国许多城市面临的环境问题,研究其底泥中的污染物如有机质、氮磷和重金属的污染特征并据此进行生态风险评价,对城市黑臭河道的污染控制与生态修复具有十分重要的意义。选取南京城区内8条典型黑臭河道,采集其表层底泥样品进行分析,测得其中有机质、总氮、总磷的含量分别为0.75%～10.86%、0.05%～0.68%、0.04%～0.23%,三者之间呈显著正相关关系,表明了它们较好的同源性,应用沉积物质量标准评价发现,这3种污染物污染程度总体介于严重级与最低级之间,但氮磷的污染比有机质更为严重。底泥中6种重金属的平均含量均超过背景值,相关性分析结果表明Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn之间均呈极显著正相关关系,而重金属与营养物之间未发现较好的相关性,潜在生态风险评价结果表明底泥中重金属污染严重,84.2%的河道具有高潜在生态风险,各元素的潜在生态风险顺序依次为 Cd >Cu >Pb >Cr >Ni >Zn,Cd为主要污染物,具有很高潜在生态风险。与国内其他典型受污染水体相比,南京城区黑臭河道底泥中总氮、总磷与重金属Cd的污染更为严重。     

Cytotoxicity and autophagy induction by graphene quantum dots with different functional groups

Graphene quantum dots(GQDs) possess great potential in various applications due to their superior physicochemical properties and wide array of available surface modifications.However, the toxicity of GQDs has not been systematically assessed, thus hindered their further development; especially, the risk of surface modifications of GQDs is largely unknown. In this study, we employed a lung carcinoma A549 cells as the model to investigate the cytotoxicity and autophagy induction of three types GQDs, including cGQDs(COOH-GQDs), hGQDs(OH-GQDs), and aGQDs(NH_2-GQDs). The results showed hGQDs was the most toxic, as significant cell death was induced at the concentration of 100 μg/mL,determining by WST-1 assay as well as Annexin-V-FITC/PI apoptosis analysis, whereas cGQDs and aGQDs were non-cytotoxic within the measured concentration. Autophagy detection was performed by TEM examination, LC3 fluorescence tracking, and Westernblot. Both aGQDs and hGQDs induced cellular autophagy to various degrees except for cGQDs. Further analysis on autophagy pathways indicated all GQDs significantly activated p-p38 MAPK; p-ERK1/2 was inhibited by aGQDs and hGQDs but activated by c GQDs. p-JNK was inhibited by aGQDs and c GQDs, while activated by hGQDs. Simultaneously, Akt was activated by hGQDs but inhibited by aGQDs. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA significantly increased the cytotoxicity of GQDs, suggesting that autophagy played a protective role against the toxicity of GQDs. In conclusion, c GQDs showed excellent biocompatibility and may be considered for biological applications. Autophagy induction may be included in the health risk assessment of GQDs as it reflects the stress status which may eventually lead to diseases.