铅锌冶炼弃渣有害特征及其浸出行为研究

铅锌弃渣是有色金属工业排出的大宗固体废物之一。其中有铅冶炼系统排铅烟花炉渣,锌系统排锌回转窑渣。铅锌弃渣一般含有多种超过排放标准而目前又尚无成熟工艺提取的有价值和稀贵金属元素。这些废渣的堆存直接影响自然景观,并有可能对环境如土壤、水体和作物等造成危害。因此,考察铅锌渣的有害特征,研究其水浸出行为与规律,对解决铅锌弃渣对环境污染,寻求同行业固体废物的治理途径具有重要的现实意义。     

Influence of environmental temperature and relative humidity on photocatalytic oxidation of toluene on activated carbon fibers coated TiO2

TiO₂ supported on active carbon fiber (TiO₂/ACF), an absorbable photocatalyst, is a new kind of material applied in air purification. In this paper, the influence of environmental temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) on the gas-solid adsorption of toluene and the photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) efficiency of adsorbed toluene on TiO₂/ACF were studied, and then, the purification capability of TiO₂/ACF was estimated. PCO results showed that although the PCO efficiency increased under high RH and T levels, the amount of adsorption of toluene decreased. Moreover, quantitative analysis results of intermediates indicated that more environmental risk emerged when PCO of toluene was carried out at higher environmental T and RH levels because more toxic intermediates would be accumulated on the TiO₂/ACF. So, it is significant to control the environmental T and RH conditions in the application of the PCO technique. T = 25°C and RH530% is the optimal condition for purifying toluene in our experimental system. __________ Translated from Urban Environment & Urban Ecology, 2007, 20(5): 10–13 [译自: 城市环境与城市生态]     

N263溶剂萃取分析环境样品中微量放射性钍

本文用阴离子交换剂N_(263)作为钍的萃取剂,使待测样品中的钍与铀、镭、铁、稀土等杂质元素分离,并对萃取与反萃取,干扰离子,回收率等因素进行了研究.拟定了硝酸体系萃取,盐酸反萃取,偶氮胂Ⅲ比色测定的分析方法,同时测定了土壤、植物、煤及水样中钍含量.     

Numerical model of flow and pollutant transportation in non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates

The planar 2D k-ε double equations‘ turbulence model was adopted and transformed into non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. The concentration convection-diffusion was introduced to planar 2D SIMPLEC algorithm of flow in non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. The numerical model of pollutant transportation in non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates was constructed. The model was applied to simulate the flow and pollutant concentration fields. In the testing concentration field, two optimal operations of contamination discharging both along bank and in the centerline at the first bend of the meandering channel were adopted. Comparison with available data showed the model developed was successful, was valuable to engineering application.     

我国地震应急预案体系的现状分析

地震应急是地震救援工作的重要组成部分,科学的制订地震应急救援预案是做好应急工作的前提.本文分析了目前我国地震应急预案体系的现状,总结了地震应急预案体系中存在的问题,对于丰富和完善地震应急预案体系,使政府及社会高效、有序地做好应急响应,减少人员伤亡和财产损失具有重要的现实意义.     

油烟净化器使用过程中的问题及处理方法

随着人民环保意识的提高,国家法律、法规要求的加强,饭馆、餐厅均对油烟采取了治理措施;在日常工作中对饭馆、餐厅油烟净化器使用进行调查发现,油烟净化器使用过程中存在二次污染及闲置的问题。本文通过调查分析查找到了原因,并提出应对措施。这对改善油烟净化器使用现状、提高环境质量、促进社会和谐具有建设性意义。     

有机磷酸酯诱导迟发性神经毒性及其对神经毒性酯酶（NTE）活性影响的动态研究

以成年产卵来航母鸡为试验动物，研究了三甲基苯基磷酸酯（Ｔｒｉ－ｏ－ＣｒｅｓｙｌＰｈｏｓ－ｐｈａｔｅ，ＴＯＣＰ）诱导的迟发性神经毒性．试验发现，母鸡口服ＴＯＣＰ（７５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）后，经过大约８－１０ｄ的潜伏期开始出现中毒症状，其表现为以步态失调为主要特征的运动障碍呈进行性加重，至第２１ｄ开始便发展为瘫痪，对鸡脑神经病损靶标酯酶（ＮｅｕｒｏｐａｔｈｙＴａｒｇｅｔＥｎｚｙｍｅ，ＮＴＥ）活性的测定表明，有机械诱导的迟发性神经毒性（Ｏｒｇａｎｏｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅ－ＩｎｄｕｃｅｄＤｅｌａｙｅｄＰｏｌｙｎｅｕｒｏｐａｔｈｙ，ＯＰＩＤＰ）与ＮＴＥ活性抑制之间的关系不平行，其毒性症状的轻重与ＮＴＥ活性被抑制的强弱也不呈正相关，很可能，在给药后２４ｈ，体内ＯＰＩＤＰ已被触发，此外，实验观察到给予ＴＯＣＰ后被试鸡的体重明显下降。     

CVM法对长江口海洋生态价值的评价应用

运用CVM法探讨评价长江口海洋生态价值,结合长江口海洋产业的发展与生态环境实际,模拟市场条件进行主观意愿评价,阐述CVM法在长江口海洋生态价值评价应用中的可行性和有效性的同时,对CVM法使用时产生的偏差提出解决的方法,为长江口海洋产业绿色GDP核算提供科学方法和依据。     

Enhanced the photoelectrochemical performance of Bi2XO6 (X = W, Mo) for detecting hexavalent chromium by modification of CuS

In this work, Bi₂XO₆ (X = W, Mo) are synthesized at different temperatures. The results of tests find the optimal temperatures of Bi₂WO₆ and Bi₂MoO₆ are 180 and 160°C (BW-180, BM-160). Then, BW-180 and BM-160 are further compounded with different contents of CuS. The results of photoelectrochemical (PEC) tests show that CuS can improve the PEC performance of semiconductor materials, and it has better performance when CuS mass fraction is 5%. These maybe the photoelectron potentials generated by CuS/Bi₂XO₆ (X = Mo, W) heterojunction reduce the combination of photogenerated electrons and holes. When the PEC sensor based on 5%-CuS/BW-180 detects Cr(VI), it has a linear range of 1–80 μmol/L with detection limit of 0.95 μmol/L, while the PEC sensor based on 5%-CuS/BM-160 detects Cr(VI) has a linear range of 0.5–230 μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.12 μmol/L. Thus, 5%-CuS/Bi₂XO₆ has potential application in hexavalent chromium detection.     

Effects of payments for ecosystem services on wildlife habitat recovery

Conflicts between local people's livelihoods and conservation have led to many unsuccessful conservation efforts and have stimulated debates on policies that might simultaneously promote sustainable management of protected areas and improve the living conditions of local people. Many government‐sponsored payments‐for‐ecosystem‐services (PES) schemes have been implemented around the world. However, few empirical assessments of their effectiveness have been conducted, and even fewer assessments have directly measured their effects on ecosystem services. We conducted an empirical and spatially explicit assessment of the conservation effectiveness of one of the world's largest PES programs through the use of a long‐term empirical data set, a satellite‐based habitat model, and spatial autoregressive analyses on direct measures of change in an ecosystem service (i.e., the provision of wildlife species habitat). Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) habitat improved in Wolong Nature Reserve of China after the implementation of the Natural Forest Conservation Program. The improvement was more pronounced in areas monitored by local residents than those monitored by the local government, but only when a higher payment was provided. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of a PES program depends on who receives the payment and on whether the payment provides sufficient incentives. As engagement of local residents has not been incorporated in many conservation strategies elsewhere in China or around the world, our results also suggest that using an incentive‐based strategy as a complement to command‐and‐control, community‐ and norm‐based strategies may help achieve greater conservation effectiveness and provide a potential solution for the park versus people conflict.