Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) over cinder-based nanoneedle in presence of tartaric acid: Synergistic performance and mechanism

Cr(VI) is a common heavy metal ion, which will seriously harm human body and environment. Therefore, the removal of Cr(VI) has become an attractive topic. In this work, cinder was used as a raw material to synthesize a nanoneedle material: γ-([email protected]) (γ[email protected]). The physicochemical properties of γ[email protected] were thoroughly characterized, and its effectiveness as a catalyst for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) was evaluated. The results showed that Cr(VI) could be efficiently reduced by γ[email protected] in the presence of tartaric acid (TA) under visible light. The variable factors on the reaction were investigated in detail, and the results showed that under optimal conditions (γ[email protected] 0.4 g/L, TA 0.6 g/L, pH 2), Cr(VI) was completely reduced within 7 min. Besides, scavenger experiments and EPR proved that O₂^{? —} and CO₂^{? —} played a significant role in the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI). TA acts as a sacrificial agent to trap the holes and generate strong reducing free radicals: CO₂^{? —}. Dissolving O₂ could react with electrons to generate O₂^{? —}. This work discussed the performance and mechanism of photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) in detail, which provided a new idea for the resource utilization of solid waste and the treatment of heavy metal sewage.     

炼油厂自流含油污水系统的安全风险及预防

系统分析了炼油厂自流含油污水系统设计、施工及运行管理方面存在的主要安全风险。针对性地提出了设计方面进行水封、管道合理设计及井盖合理选材,施工方面进行变形污水井整改、污水管道规范施工,运行管理方面做好系统密封、标识、检测并严控着火源、污水合格排放等预防措施,降低含油污水系统安全风险,确保安全运行。     

Parallel agent-based modeling of spatial opinion diffusion accelerated using graphics processing units

In this article, we describe a parallel agent-based model of spatial opinion diffusion that is driven by graphics processing units (GPUs). Modeling opinion exchange and diffusion across landscapes often involves the simulation of large numbers of geographically located individual decision-makers and a massive number of individual-level interactions. This simulation requires substantial computational power. GPU-enabled computing resources provide a massively parallel processing platform based on a fine-grained shared memory paradigm. This massively parallel processing platform holds considerable promise for meeting the computing requirement of agent-based models of spatial problems. In this article, we focus on the parallelization of an agent-based spatial opinion model using GPU technologies. We discussed key algorithms designed for parallel agent-based opinion modeling: including domain decomposition and mutual exclusion. Experiments conducted to examine computing performance show that GPUs provide a computationally efficient alternative to traditional parallel computing architectures and substantially accelerate agent-based models of large-scale opinion exchange among individual decision makers.     

火炬系统的优化操作

介绍了青岛炼化公司火炬系统概况,公司从降低火炬气排放量、提高火炬排放安全性、保证足够的火炬气回收能力等方面开展了工作,并对存在问题提出改进建议。     

重质油突沸原因分析及对策

分析了重质油突沸的原因,并结合重质油的储存特点提出了重质油罐在设计和生产运行管理等方面防止突沸的措施。     

固相萃取-液相色谱法测定土壤中酚类化合物

建立了索氏提取-固相萃取-液相色谱法测定土壤中环境优先监测的6种酚类污染物监测方法。利用索氏提取和固相萃取法提取净化了土壤中6种酚类化合物,比较5种固相萃取柱萃取的效果,选择PSD固相萃取柱,优化了固相萃取条件,影响固相萃取回收率的4种因子显著性顺序为:水样p H上样速度洗脱液体积溶剂类型。最佳固相萃取条件:上样的水样p H=3,上样速度5 m L/min,洗脱溶剂为乙腈,洗脱溶剂体积是10.0 m L。酚类化合物的检出限为0.01~0.05 mg/kg,加标回收率在85.39%~105.82%之间,相对标准偏差RSD10%(n=7),该法操作方便,灵敏度高,可用于土壤中多种酚类化合物的测定。     

高级氧化技术去除水中碘代X射线造影剂研究进展

碘代X射线造影剂在医学上的大量使用导致其在水环境中普遍存在,对生态系统和人体健康构成巨大威胁.传统的污水处理技术对碘代X射线造影剂去除效果不佳,应用高级氧化技术去除水中碘代X射线造影剂成为研究热点.本文系统分析了水环境中碘代X射线造影剂的理化性质、来源、危害及污染现状.综述了声化学氧化、光催化、过硫酸盐活化、芬顿和电化...     

拉萨市垃圾填埋场地下水水质的居民健康风险评价

对拉萨市垃圾填埋场地区地下水6个监测井中的Cr~(6+)、As、Cd、Pb、NO~-_3-N、F~-、Cl~-指标采用美国环保局USEPA推荐的健康风险评价模型,按照不同人群进行健康风险评价.评价结果表明,通过暴露剂量计算,在饮水途径和皮肤接触途径下非致癌物暴露剂量一般高于致癌物暴露剂量;饮水途径暴露剂量高于皮肤接触途径下的暴露剂量.致癌污染物在饮水途径下风险值大于皮肤接触途径下的风险值,其中饮水途径下风险贡献为Cr~(6+)AsCd,Cr~(6+)风险值超过USEPA的最大可接受水平1×10~(-4);在皮肤接触途径下贡献为Cr~(6+)AsCd,Cr~(6+)的风险值超过瑞典环保局、荷兰建设环保局、英国皇家协会和IAEA最大可接受风险水平;非致癌风险的污染物贡献最大的是Cl~-,其通过饮水暴露途径在成人中风险值高于瑞典环保局(1×10~(-6))、荷兰建设环保局(1×10~(-6))、英国皇家协会(1×10~(-6))和IAEA(5×10~(-7))最大可接受水平.因此,致癌物中Cr~(6+)成为主要的致癌物,人们在饮水中要将其去除,起到预防癌症和减少患癌的几率.     

南亚次大陆对中国大气传输影响及海螺沟背景站监测的指示效应

海螺沟背景站地处人烟稀少、远离工业带区域,颗粒物浓度水平与美国背景区域相当,通常情况下各项污染物浓度呈周期性缓慢变化,但通过实时自动监测发现,也有部分时段出现污染物浓度急剧升高的现象,对这种情况进行统计分析,2015年共有43 d因远距离传输导致背景站浓度急剧升高现象,其间PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为19.4μg/m~3,比其年均质量浓度(8.3μg/m~3)高1倍多。通过对2015年背景站监测数据与年气象分析资料的联合分析,结合HSPLIT 4.8轨迹模式对污染物来源进行溯源,在海螺沟国家大气背景区域的200、3 700 m 2个高度都存在南亚次大陆向中国境内输送的气流路径。后向轨迹200 m高度聚类分析结果:海螺沟背景站PM_(2.5)监测值超"正常"浓度范围时段有84%的大气污染气团主要来自南亚次大陆方向,同时,常规6项其他监测项目的浓度水平也存在协同上升效应。     

回收转炉煤气的安全保证

根据转炉煤气回收的实际运行经验 ,介绍分析了安全回收转炉煤气应采取的保证措施。