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471.
厌氧氨氧化工艺的抑制现象 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)工艺因其高效低耗优势,在废水生物脱氮领域中具有广阔的应用前景.然而,基质、有机物、盐度、重金属、磷酸盐及硫化物等物质对Anammox工艺产生的抑制作用制约了工艺的推广应用.基质主要通过游离氨和游离亚硝酸对Anammox产生抑制,而温度和pH是基质抑制的重要调控参数.非致毒性有机物对Anammox的作用因其种类跟浓度而异.在较低的浓度条件下对Anammox的抑制作用不显著,而高于抑制阈值将严重抑制Anammox.其抑制机制尚无定论.部分研究证明致毒性有机物(醇、醛、酚及抗生素等)对Anammox具有抑制作用,但研究有待拓展深化.超过抑制阈值的盐度会抑制Anammox活性,但合适的盐度(3~15 g L-1NaCl)却能够促进Anammox生物颗粒的形成.重金属对Anammox的抑制报道较少.因试验条件及菌种等的差异使得磷酸盐及硫化物对Anammox的抑制在不同试验中存在很大差异.Anammox抑制是可控的,通过pH和温度调节、基质浓度及负荷控制、污泥驯化以及添加辅助剂等方法可解除或缓解抑制.建议今后在特种废水的Anammox脱氮、复合抑制以及Anammox抑制的分子生态学机理等方面开展深入研究. 相似文献
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473.
工业水的处理一直以来都是环境工程当中十分重要的一个环节,而要做好这一环节就需要针对其中存在的问题进行科学合理的优化控制过程,本文从这一点出发,提出工业水处理过程中相关的工作内容。 相似文献
474.
Huashou Li Weifeng Ling Chuxia Lin 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):608-614
Pot experiments were conducted to examine the effects of various fertilizers, as well as soil dilution treatments on the dynamics of soil-borne DDTs [sum of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), chlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and di- chlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD)] and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs, sum of α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH and δ-HCH) and their subsequent impacts on the uptake of DDTs and HCHs by a test plant. The results show that the soil residual DDTs and HCHs concentrations in the iron-rich fertilizer-treated soil were significantly lower than those in other fertilizer-treated soils. There was a close relationship between the soil residual DDTs and the plant tissue DDTs. This suggests that the uptake rate of DDTs by the plant was dependent on the concentration of soil-borne DDTs. A less close relationship between soil residual HCHs and plant tissue HCHs was also observed. Dilution of pesticide-contaminated soil with the non-contaminated soil not only physically reduced the concentration of pesticides in the soil but also enhanced the loss of soil-borne pesticides, possibly through the improvement of soil conditions for microbial degradation. Soil dilution had a better effect on promoting the loss of soil-borne HCHs, relative to soil-borne-DDTs. The research findings obtained from this study have implications for management of heavily contaminated soils with DDTs and HCHs. Remediation of DDTs and HCHs-contaminated soils in a cost-effective way can be achieved by incorporating treatment techniques into conventional agricultural practices. Applications of iron-rich fertilizer and soil dilution treatments could cost-effectively reduce soil-borne DDTs and HCHs, and subsequently the uptake of these organochlorine pesticides by vegetables. 相似文献
475.
A mixture of ten metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Hg, Ni, Se and Zn) at the Great Lakes Water Quality Objective levels was found to reduce the primary productivity of four cultured freshwater algae (, , and ) as well as natural phytoplankton from Lake Ontario water. The metal mixture also caused a reduction in the reproduction and transport of an amino acid analogue (α-aminoisobutyric acid) by . The depuration and exchange of the amino acid analogue were not affected by the metal mixture. The nitrogenase activity of was, however, reduced in the presence of the metal mixture. 相似文献
476.
利用驯化污泥研究了邻氟苯胺、对氟苯胺、2,4-二氟苯胺的好氧生物降解性能.结果表明,3种氟苯胺的好氧生物降解性能从高到低依次为对氟苯胺、邻氟苯胺和2,4-二氟苯胺.降解动力学分析表明,除2,4-二氟苯胺在实验质量浓度8.56 mg/L时为一级反应,其他为零级反应;且它们的降解规律都符合Monod方程;30 ℃、振荡速率140 r/min为氟苯胺的最佳降解条件.同时研究了共基质条件下葡萄糖和苯胺对2,4-二氟苯胺的好氧降解的影响,葡萄糖的引入有促进作用,而苯胺只在一定浓度范围内有促进作用.氟苯胺的生产废水与生活污水合并处理以及多种组分混合废水处理是可行的. 相似文献
477.
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479.
Wong MY Sauser KR Chung KT Wong TY Liu JK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,67(3):361-378
The green alga Selenastrum capricornutum expresses a uniqueascorbate peroxidase, that responds to copper and lead. Attemptswere made to test if this peroxidase could be used to monitor thelevels of copper and lead in natural waters. When S.capricornutum was exposed to a stormwater sample, the specificactivity of the peroxidase in the cell extract was commensuratewith the combined copper and lead contents in the sample. Theperoxidase responses were also correlated with the 96 hr biomasstoxicity assay of S. capricornutum. However, unlike thebiomass toxicity assay, the peroxidase activity was not affectedby the anions in the samples. The use of this peroxidase can beused as a marker for testing heavy metal toxicity in the water. 相似文献
480.
Chan WH Mak YL Wu JJ Jin L Sit WH Lam JC Sadovy de Mitcheson Y Chan LL Lam PK Murphy MB 《Chemosphere》2011,84(1):117-123
Ciguatera is food poisoning caused by human consumption of reef fish contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). The expanding international trade of tropical fish species from ciguatera-endemic regions has resulted in increased global incidence of ciguatera, and more than 50 000 people are estimated to suffer from ciguatera each year worldwide. The Republic of Kiribati is located in the Pacific Ocean; two of its islands, Marakei and Tarawa, have been suggested as high-risk areas for ciguatera. The toxicities of coral reef fish collected from these islands, including herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous fish (24% [n = 41], 8% [n = 13] and 68% [n = 117], respectively), were analyzed using the mouse neuroblastoma assay (MNA) after CTX extraction. The MNA results indicated that 156 fish specimens, or 91% of the fish samples, were ciguatoxic (CTX levels >0.01 ng g−1). Groupers and moray eels were generally more toxic by an order of magnitude than other fish species. All of the collected individuals of eight species (n = 3-19) were toxic. Toxicity varied within species and among locations by up to 10 000-fold. Cephalapholis argus and Gymnothorax spp. collected from Tarawa Island were significantly less toxic than those from Marakei Island, although all individuals were toxic based on the 0.01 ng g−1 threshold. CTX concentrations in the livers of individuals of two moray eel species (Gymnothorax spp., n = 6) were nine times greater than those in muscle, and toxicity in liver and muscle showed a strong positive correlation with body weight. The present study provides quantitative information on the ciguatoxicity and distribution of toxicity in fish for use in fisheries management and public health. 相似文献