Advanced treatment of wet-spun acrylic fiber manufacturing wastewater using three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation

A three-dimensional electrochemical oxidation(3D-EC) reactor with introduction of activated carbon(AC) as particle micro-electrodes was applied for the advanced treatment of secondary wastewater effluent of a wet-spun acrylic fiber manufacturing plant. Under the optimized conditions(current density of 500 A/m~2, circulation rate of 5 mL/min, AC dosage of 50 g, and chloride concentration of 1.0 g/L), the average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand(COD_(cr)), NH3–N, total organic carbon(TOC), and ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm(UV_(254)) of the 3D-EC reactor were 64.5%, 60.8%, 46.4%, and 64.8%, respectively; while the corresponding effluent concentrations of COD_(cr), NH_3–N, TOC, and UV_(254) were 76.6, 20.1, and42.5 mg/L, and 0.08 Abs/cm, respectively. The effluent concentration of COD_(cr) was less than 100 mg/L, which showed that the treated wastewater satisfied the demand of the integrated wastewater discharge standard(GB 8978-1996). The 3D-EC process remarkably improved the treatment efficiencies with synergistic effects for COD_(cr), NH_3–N, TOC, and UV_(254) during the stable stage of 44.5%, 38.8%, 27.2%, and 10.9%, respectively, as compared with the sum of the efficiencies of a two-dimensional electrochemical oxidation(2D-EC) reactor and an AC adsorption process, which was ascribed to the numerous micro-electrodes of AC in the 3D-EC reactor. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis revealed that electrochemical treatment did not generate more toxic organics, and it was proved that the increase in acute biotoxicity was caused primarily by the production of free chlorine.     

山东省汽车喷涂行业VOCs排放特征研究

采用气袋采样-气相色谱/质谱法,采集并分析了山东省内小型通用车、货车、电动商务车以及半挂车4类典型汽车喷涂企业挥发性有机物(VOCs)的排放特征。结果表明:山东省汽车喷涂企业中VOCs排放总量以及检出数量排序为:半挂车喷涂企业电动商务车喷涂企业货车喷涂企业小型通用车喷涂企业。各类汽车喷涂企业喷漆以及烘干车间排放的VOCs大多以苯类物质为主(小型通用车面漆烘干车间除外),在小型通用车以及半挂车涂装企业废气中烷烃类物质占比较大。不同企业以及各企业不同工序之间特征VOCs排放浓度有较大差别,喷漆车间特征VOCs浓度要远高于烘干车间。     

有机肥施用对盐渍土富里酸荧光特性的影响

为探讨有机肥长期培肥盐渍土后土壤富里酸(FA)结构组成及土壤环境的变化特征,对黑龙江西北部盐渍土壤连续5 a采取不同施肥处理,设置CK(对照)和TR1(处理1,施用有机肥8 000 kg/hm2)、TR2(处理2,施用有机肥4 000 kg/hm2及化肥N 80 kg/hm2、P₂O₅ 50 kg/hm2、K₂O 35 kg/hm2)、TR3(处理3,施用化肥N 160 kg/hm2、P₂O₅ 100 kg/hm2、K₂O 70 kg/hm2) 4个处理组,分析土壤中富里酸荧光光谱特征的变化情况. 结果表明:与CK比较,TR1、TR2处理可明显增加土壤中ρ(富里酸),增幅分别为98.24%、72.16%;二维荧光参数分析显示,各处理下富里酸腐殖化程度均表现为TR1>TR2>TR3>CK;三维荧光光谱区域积分比值分析结果进一步证实,TR1、TR2处理通过增加可见区类富里酸的荧光响应比值和减少紫外区类富里酸的荧光响应比值来提高富里酸的腐殖化程度. 根据三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析结果,可将富里酸分为C1组分(生物可利用富里酸组分)、C2组分(陆生来源富里酸组分)及C3组分(类蛋白组分);施用有机肥主要增加C1组分的比例,其次为增加C2组分的比例,说明施用有机肥可提高盐渍土供肥能力,对盐渍土生态环境改善具有积极作用. 传统荧光图谱解析手段结合统计分析结果显示,施用有机肥可明显提高盐渍土富里酸含量并增加其腐殖化程度.      

包头市水环境综合整治对策研究

为从根本上改善包头市水环境质量,按照国家环境保护模范城市的标准,全面开展包头市水环境综合整治工作,推进水环境污染防治工作.在对包头市水环境现状进行全面分析的基础上,提出以保护水源地为重点,针对工业源、城镇生活源、农业面源等方面提出整治对策建议,通过重点工程的实施,削减污染物排放总量,使包头市各水体水质达到功能区要求.     

Numerical evaluation of the effectiveness of NO2 and N2O5 generation during the NO ozonation process

Wet scrubbing combined with ozone oxidation has become a promising technology for simultaneous removal of SO₂ and NO_x in exhaust gas. In this paper, a new 20-species, 76-step detailed kinetic mechanism was proposed between O₃ and NO_x. The concentration of N₂O₅ was measured using an in-situ IR spectrometer. The numerical evaluation results kept good pace with both the public experiment results and our experiment results. Key reaction parameters for the generation of NO₂ and N₂O₅ during the NO ozonation process were investigated by a numerical simulation method. The effect of temperature on producing NO₂ was found to be negligible. To produce NO₂, the optimal residence time was 1.25 sec and the molar ratio of O₃/NO about 1. For the generation of N₂O₅, the residence time should be about 8 sec while the temperature of the exhaust gas should be strictly controlled and the molar ratio of O₃/NO about 1.75. This study provided detailed investigations on the reaction parameters of ozonation of NO_x by a numerical simulation method, and the results obtained should be helpful for the design and optimization of ozone oxidation combined with the wet flue gas desulfurization methods (WFGD) method for the removal of NO_x.     

磷酸铵镁沉淀法去除垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的实验研究

本试验采用磷酸铵镁沉淀法（MAP）处理垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度氨氮,采用MgCl2.6H2O和Na2HPO4.12H2O为沉淀剂,研究了该方法脱氮的主要影响因素并得出了最佳处理条件,即在室温条件时,pH值为10～10.5、反应摩尔比n（Mg2＋）：n（NH4＋）：n（PO43-）为1.2：1.0：0.9时,对于本试验中的垃圾渗滤液来说,为最佳反应条件,对氨氮的去除率可达到97%以上,达到国家杂用水水质标准中对氨氮的要求。     

基于保护的瓷窑型遗址绿化改造研究——以长沙铜官窑遗址为例

瓷窑型遗址由于其埋藏浅、需要恒温恒湿等特点,对绿化的要求与其它遗址不尽相同。基于保护为主的绿化改造是瓷窑型遗址保护的重要内容。文章以长沙铜官窑遗址为例,在分析了长沙铜官窑遗址的植被组成、绿化现状以及现有植被对遗址保护的利弊基础上,提出了基于保护为主的绿化改造总体设想、主要对策措施和技术模式,希望为中国瓷窑型遗址的绿化改造提供借鉴。     

锅炉烟囱高度设置合理性论证的实例分析

污染物高烟囱排放对改善污染物对地面的影响是很明显的,但是过高的烟囱不仅对企业投资是一种负担,而且还可能对周围环境产生景观上的不协调影响,因此环境影响评价中开展对烟囱高度合理性论证是非常必要的。以延安市某集中供热工程为实例,依照相关技术规范对烟囱高度的明确要求,并利用新版大气环境影响评价技术导则中推荐的SCREEN3模式,论证了该工程拟建设的120m高烟囱是合理可行的,同时得出了"高烟囱的设置可促成酸雨的形成"以及"过高的烟囱对环境质量的改善是并不明显的"这一结论。针对研究时存在的不足之处,最后提出了继续深入研究的方向。     

多铵复合盐分离工艺热工优化研究

多铵复合盐分离方法是利用纯物理的方法对焦炉煤气进行处理并分离出相应的盐类,在冷却结晶的过程中,从提高物料终冷温度的角度,对该方法进行相应的节能分析。一方面可以为当前生产提供节能改造依据,另一方面可以为该方法在大规模生产中的应用提供理论依据。