海门市长江水厂饮用水源地富营养化调查及污染防治对策研究

采用综合营养状态指数法对2008年至2011年海门市长江水厂饮用水源地水质状况进行评价,结果表明,该水源地已呈现出富营养化的发展趋势。结合饮用水源地现状,必须采取控制外源和内源的排放、恢复生态系统等措施,遏止水体富营养化,确保人民群众的饮用水源安全。     

降雨影响噪声自动监测数据的有效性判定分析

选取北京市近5年夏半年（4—9月）夜间的降雨数据及相关噪声自动监测小时等效声级,对小时雨量与噪声自动监测数据进行数学统计分析,找出影响噪声监测数据的小时雨量值及不同声级受雨噪声影响的雨量限值,作为降雨对噪声自动监测小时等效声级的有效性判定条件。     

新型全氟化合物——全氟烷基磷酸对环境影响的研究综述

全氟烷基磷酸是一种新型全氟化表面活性剂,被广泛应用于匀染剂、湿润剂和农药中的消泡添加剂等。在美国,基于对其潜在毒性的考虑,美国环境保护总署已禁止全氟烷基磷酸在粮食作物农药中使用。从全氟烷基磷酸的注册使用情况、结构与环境行为、环境介质中的浓度水平和生物暴露毒性等方面分别展开论述,旨在为中国开展该类物质的环境研究提供可借鉴依据。     

Effects of fomesafen on soil enzyme activity,microbial population,and bacterial community composition

Fomesafen is a diphenyl ether herbicide that has an important role in the removal of broadleaf weeds in bean and fruit tree fields. However, very little information is known about the effects of this herbicide on soil microbial community structure and activities. In the present study, laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effects of different concentrations of fomesafen (0, 10, 100, and 500 μg/kg) on microbial community structure and activities during an exposure period of 60 days, using soil enzyme assays, plate counting, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results of enzymatic activity experiments showed that fomesafen had different stimulating effects on the activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and dehydrogenase, with dehydrogenase being most sensitive to fomesafen. On the tenth day, urease activity was inhibited significantly after treatment of different concentrations of fomesafen; this inhibiting effect then gradually disappeared and returned to the control level after 30 days. Plate counting experiments indicated that the number of bacteria and actinomycetes increased in fomesafen-spiked soil relative to the control after 30 days of incubation, while fungal number decreased significantly after only 10 days. The DGGE results revealed that the bacterial community varied in response to the addition of fomesafen, and the intensity of these six bands was greater on day 10. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the six excised DGGE bands were closely related to Emticicia, Bacillus, and uncultured bacteria. After 10 days, the bacterial community exhibited no obvious change compared with the control. Throughout the experiment, we concluded that 0–500 μg/kg of fomesafen could not produce significant toxic effects on soil microbial community structure and activities.     

北方泥炭地泥炭土矿化速率、温度敏感性及其影响因素研究

北方泥炭地是全球重要的碳汇,也是全球变暖最为敏感的区域之一.然而,由于泥炭地表层和亚表层泥炭土碳排放过程对全球变暖的响应过程及机制仍存在一定争议,目前对全球变暖背景下泥炭地碳排放的认识仍存在一定不足.本研究于2019年8月在大兴安岭满归泥炭地采集表层(0～10 cm)和亚表层(15～30 cm)泥炭土进行室内增温模拟有氧培养,测定其矿化速率、有机质性质和水解酶活性.结果表明,表层泥炭土矿化速率在5、15、25℃下培养时((142.8±66.9)～(545.3±30.6)、(575.0±62.1)～(1843.0±547.4)、(888.4±123.9)～(3646.7±167.9)μg·g^-1·d^-1)均高于亚表层((113.0±41.5)～(367.1±64.1)、(357.4±52.3)～(1122.1±218.8)、(697.1±38.1)～(2336.4±150.6)μg·g^-1·d^-1),但表层和亚表层矿化作用的温度敏感性不具有显著差异;培养过程中,表层与亚表层泥炭土β-1,4-N-乙酰葡...     

塔克拉玛干沙漠和青藏高原地区沙尘气溶胶光学特性及其加热率的时空分布特征

沙尘不同的垂直分布对大气的加热作用不同,通过卫星观测结合数值模拟,可以更清楚地了解沙尘辐射加热作用,有利于理解沙尘对该地区大气热结构的影响机制.因此,本研究利用CALIPSO气溶胶产品和SBDART模式,分析了2007—2020年塔克拉玛干沙漠和青藏高原沙尘气溶胶及其短波加热率的时空分布特征.结果表明,塔克拉玛干沙漠和青藏高原的年平均沙尘气溶胶光学厚度（DAOD,532 nm）分别为0.300～0.350和0.086～0.108,平均值分别为0.328和0.097.塔克拉玛干沙漠季节平均DAOD的最大、最小值分别出现在春季和冬季,而青藏高原的最大、最小值分别出现在夏季和秋季.塔克拉玛干沙漠和青藏高原的沙尘消光系数（σD）最大值分别出现在春季和夏季.2007—2020年,两地的σD在春季均呈增加趋势,而在秋季则呈减小趋势.春季和夏季的短波沙尘加热率（SW DHR）均大于其它两个季节,其中春季最大,塔克拉玛干沙漠上空冬季最弱,青藏高原上空秋季最弱.春夏季,青藏高原北坡存在较强沙尘加热层,其顶部高于5 km,其强度及高值区从春季到冬季逐渐减小.从年变化来看,春季短波加热率呈加强趋势,秋季呈减...     

兰州地区大气污染的化学组成及来源解析

为探究大气污染的特征,于2020年5月—2021年4月在中国西北部的兰州市区采集了总悬浮颗粒物样品227个,利用离子色谱仪、热/光碳分析仪对主要水溶性离子、元素碳(EC)和有机碳(OC)的质量浓度进行了测定.结果显示,兰州地区大气总悬浮颗粒物质量浓度均值为(376.7±974.8)μg·m^-3,高于国家环境空气质量二级标准(NAAQS),呈昼低夜高的变化特征主要是由于兰州地区夜间大气多处于静稳状态导致的污染物累积效应.水溶性阴、阳离子按质量浓度排序为NO₃^->SO₄^2->Cl^-、Ca²⁺>NH₄⁺>Na⁺>K⁺>Mg²⁺,其中二次离子(NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、NH₄⁺     

富氧空位/梯次结构CeO2的制备及光催化CO2还原

采用Ce-BTC(均苯三甲酸)为模板,通过尿素溶液浸渍合成了具有富氧空位/梯次结构的CeO₂催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和紫外可见漫反射(DRS)等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明,与金属有机框架(MOFs)浸渍尿素高温煅烧可以获得金属氧化物/g-C₃N₄复合材料不同,Ce-BTC/尿素体系煅烧后产品中未检测到g-C₃N₄,这可能与CeO₂的存在抑制了尿素分解产物的热缩聚过程,影响了g-C₃N₄的生成有关,但尿素的引入改变了Ce-BTC煅烧产物CeO₂的氧空位浓度,且获得梯次结构.将具有富氧空位/梯次结构的CeO₂-5用于光催化CO₂还原,催化结果表明:反应4h的CO产率可达2.06μmol/g,CH₄产率可达1.42μmol/g,性能是Ce-BTC未...     

恐惧诉求对职业驾驶员安全驾驶态度和行为意向的影响

研究以EPPM模型作为理论框架,探讨恐惧诉求对危险驾驶行为(超速和不系安全带)态度和行为意向的作用。54名职业驾驶员在观看交通安全恐惧诉求录像后,完成安全驾驶行为问卷。回归分析表明恐惧诉求的交通事故录像能够改变驾驶员对超速及不系安全带驾驶的态度和行为意向,但作用不完全一致。恐惧情绪唤起通过恐惧情感所引发的威胁评估过程中介对不超速行为意向的影响。最后,对研究的局限和未来的研究进行讨论。     

Flotability and flotation separation of polymer materials modulated by wetting agents

The surface free energy, surface tension and contact angles were performed to investigate the properties of wetting agents. Adsorption of wetting agents changes wetting behavior of polymer resins. Flotability of polymer materials modulated by wetting agents was studied, and wetting agents change significantly flotability of polymer materials. The flotability decreases with increasing the concentration of wetting agents, and the wetting ability is lignin sulfonate (LS) > tannic acid (TA) > methylcellulose (MC) > triton X-100 (TX-100) (from strong to weak). There is significant difference in the flotability between polymer resins and plastics due to the presence of additives in the plastics. Flotation separation of two-component and multicomponent plastics was conducted based on the flotability modulated by wetting agents. The two-component mixtures can be efficiently separated using proper wetting agent through simple flotation flowsheet. The multicomponent plastic mixtures can be separated efficiently through multi-stage flotation using TA and LS as wetting agents, and the purity of separated component was above 94%, and the recovery was more than 93%.