火灾损失特性研究

基于物质的热释放速率、燃烧热值和耐火极限的相关知识,通过量纲分析法确定固体单体的火灾事故损失特性函数。在此基础上,对于区域内有m个固体单体的情况,以传热学中热辐射理论为基础,运用随机理论的科尔莫弋罗夫-查普曼方程确定单体间的相互影响,最终确定了区域火灾损失特性函数。     

环境法学专业模式建构与发展展望

以中国环境管理干部学院环境法学专业模式构建为研究对象,从专业设置的理论与现实依据、模式建构、专业建设的系列措施、努力方向等方面对环境法学专业建设问题进行了层层剖析,旨在高职高专院校层面、社会层面、教师层面以及学生层面释明设立法学专业的必要性。     

应对重大灾害的轴辐式应急物资储备网络体系

分析了应对重大灾害的应急物资需求的特点和我国现有应急物资储备体系的现状和不足,基于轴辐网络优势,构建了轴辐式应急物资储备网络体系,分析了应急轴辐网络储备体系运行的四个阶段,同时提出了建立轴辐式应急物资储备网络相关具体措施建议,实现中央和地方应急储备库物资、各职能部门储备物资、军队物资、各社会团体储备物资、国内外捐助物资以及企业物资生产能力储备等专业应急物资储备和社会应急物资储备的有效整合,以有助于在较短时间内积聚大量应急物资,扩大应急物资的服务辐射范围,提高应急物资调度效率,以有效应对各类重大灾害。     

Temporal-spatial variability and fractal characteristics of soil nitrogen and phosphorus in Xinji District, Hebei Province, China

Traditional statistics, geostatistics, fractal dimensions, and geographic information systems (GIS) were employed to study the temporal?Cspatial variability of soil total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) levels in Xinji District, Hebei Province area of the North China Plain from 1980 to 2007. The results indicate that nutrient levels follow normal or lognormal distributions. The TN content was 0.59 ±0.155 g kg^???1 in 2007, an increase of 0.44 g kg^???1 compared with that of 1980. In 2007, the TP content was 1.21 ±0.227 g kg^???1, an increase of 0.01 g kg^???1 from 1980. The geostatistical analysis showed that the distribution of these soil nutrients in the study area exhibits a trend and anisotropy. The range and [C ₀/(C ₀?+?C)] of TN and TP in 1980 were all less than in 2007. The ordinary kriging interpolation method was used to analyze the nutrient contents differences between 1980 and 2007. The results indicate that soil TN levels have increased over the 27-year period, and the area where the TN level had increased by at least 0.4 g kg^???1 was about 61.7% of the district. The area where the TP content increased covered about 58.4% of the district. The variance analysis indicated that land-use type had a clear influence on the distribution and change in TN and TP content. Using the 3-D box-counting dimension method combined with GIS, the fractal dimension of soil nutrient spatial distribution over the two periods showed that in 27 years, the fractal dimension of TN increased from 1.95 to 2.02, and the fractal dimension of TP increased from 1.89 to 2.01, indicating that the complexity of the spatial distribution of all nutrient contents had increased. This study can provide a basis for accurate fertilizing and to enhance the conversion of soil characteristics under different spatial scales.     

藏东地区农业资源开发利用与生态保护研究

全面分析了青藏高原东部藏族地区（简称藏东地区）农业资源特点及开发利用现状，阐明了农业资源开发利用中出现的生态环境问题及成因，提出了该地区农业资源合理开发，持续利用和生态环境保护的对策和措施。     

环境应急监测的准备与实施

环境污染突发事件的发生,离不开载体,其发生总是在一定的地点、一定的时间内、有特定的物质及特定的危害,其污染突发应急监测响应首先是基层环境监测站。一般来说,基层环境监测站离突发性事故发生地最近,可以最快赶到事发现场,进行应急监测;基层环境监测要做好区内的环境污染突发事件的监测,必须具备一定的条件,这些条件就是要做好环境应急监测的准备工作,并按照本身具备的条件及其准备情况,进行实施,才能最快地、有效地进行环境污染突发事件应急监测,为科学、有效地采取措施,控制环境污染突发事件对环境、人体和社会的影响打下坚实的基础。     

电力行业节能减排途径探讨

为实现电力行业十一五节能20%,二氧化硫削减22%的行业目标,电力行业面临严峻的节能减排形势。根据清洁生产源头控制以及废弃物资源化利用的原理,介绍了七种具有明显经济效益和环境效益的节能减排技术,为电力行业清洁生产审核中节能减排方案的提出提供借鉴作用。     

Photoreductive degradation of sulfur hexafluoride in the presence of styrene

Sulfur hexafluoride （SF6） is known as one of the most powerful greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Reductive photodegradation of SF6 by styrene has been studied with the purpose of developing a novel remediation for sulfur hexafluoride pollution. Effects of reaction conditions on the destruction and removal efficiency （DRE） of SF6 are examined in this study. Both initial styrene-to-SF6 ratio and initial oxygen concentration exert a significant influence on DRE. SF6 removal efficiency reaches a maximum value at the initial styrene-to-SF6 ratio of 0.2. It is found that DRE increases with oxygen concentration over the range of 0 to 0.09 mol/m^3 and then decreases with increasing oxygen concentration. When water vapor is fed into the gas mixture, DRE is slightly enhanced over the whole studied time scale. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy （XPS） analysis, together with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR） analysis, prove that nearly all the initial fluorine residing in the gas phase is in the form of SiF4, whereas, the initial sulfur is deposited in the form of elemental sulfur, after photodegradation. Free from toxic byproducts, photodegradation in the presence of styrene may serve as a promising technique for SF6 abatement.     

桑沟湾养殖海域沉积物中N的溶出动力学特性

2003年8月和11月对桑沟湾进行了2次生态环境的调查研究,通过沉积物-水界面交换室内培养实验得到了总氮(TN)和无机氮(IN)在沉积物-水界面的交换量与时间的动力学关系,利用非线性拟合技术和连续函数计算法计算了该湾沉积物-水界面TN和IN的交换速率.其变化范围TN为2.82～10.83 mg/m2·d, IN为1.71～2.94 mg/m2·d; 研究发现TN的交换速率有明显的季节变化,总体趋势为相同站位的交换速率8月高于11月, IN的交换速率有微弱的季节变化,相同站位的交换速率为8月略高于11月;TN和IN不同站位的交换速率均为扇贝和牡蛎养殖区高于海带养殖区; 并研究了IN的各种存在形式,结果表明夏季NH4-N为主要的存在形式,而秋季NO3-N为主要的存在形式.     

生物监测在水环境中的应用及存在问题探讨

生物监测是未来一类重要的环境监测方法,但由于其方法本身、技术的原因,限制了其应用。介绍了生物监测的两大类方法：群落监测和生物测试,总结了这两类生物监测方法在水环境评价、规划、灾害预报、水质监测、水质标准制定及污染物排放监测中的应用,并从技术、方法、结果应用等角度对生物监测在实际应用中存在的问题进行了讨论。