Effects of Nonylphenol on immune function of female Sprague-Dawley rats

Nonylphenol (NP) is the final biodegradation product of nonylphenol polyethoxylates, which are widely used as surfactants in domestic and industrial products. NP was reported to exert estrogenic actions and shown to potentially adversely affect reproductive functions. However, NP influence on immune system function remains unclear. To address this issue, the effects of NP on spleen and thymus were examined in this study. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with NP orally at doses of 0, 20, 80, or 200 mg/kg respectively. Data showed that NP increased the levels of natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells in peripheral blood and decreased the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in serum. These findings suggest that exposure to NP by oral route may induce adverse effects on the spleen and thymus and affect the immune function of female rats.     

Scaling up a novel denitrifying microbial fuel cell with an oxic-anoxic two stage biocathode

A scaled up microbial fuel cell （MFC） of a 50 L volume was set up with an oxic-anoxic two-stage biocathode and activated semicoke packed electrodes to achieve simultaneous power generation and nitrogen and organic matter removals. An average maximum power density of 43.1 W·m^-3 was obtained in batch operating mode. By adjusting the two extemal resistances, the denitrification in the A-MFC and power production in the O-MFC could be enhanced. In continuous mode, when the hydraulic retention times were set at 6 h, 8 h and 12 h, the removal efficiencies of COD, NHf-N and total nitrogen （TN） were higher than 95%, 97%, and 84%, respectively. Meanwhile the removal loads for COD, NH4^＋-N and TN were10, 0.37 and 0.4 kg·（m^3·d）^-1, respectively.     

邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)对THP-1细胞IL-1β和MMP-8表达及ROS的影响

为探讨邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯((DEHP)的细胞免疫毒性作用与机制,采用RT-PCR和ELISA方法,考察了0.05～1μmol·L-1浓度范围内的DEHP对THP-1细胞白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)及基质金属蛋白酶-8(MMP-8)基因和蛋白表达的影响;采用免疫印迹WesternBlot方法检测DE-HP对ERK1/2磷酸化水平的影响;以2,'7-'二氯荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)为荧光探针检测1～50μmol·L-1DEHP对细胞内活性氧(ROS)产生的影响。结果显示,0.05和0.2μmol·L-1DEHP在6h内显著诱导IL-1β和MMP-8基因表达(P<0.05或0.01);0.05～1μmol·L-1DEHP刺激细胞48h,可诱导IL-1β蛋白表达,并表现出明显的剂量-效应关系,线性拟合的确定系数为0.937;0.05μmol·L-1DEHP刺激细胞6或12h,显著诱导MMP-8蛋白表达(P<0.05);0.2μmol·L-1DEHP在15～30min内快速诱导ERK1/2磷酸化;1～50μmol·L-1DEHP浓度依赖性刺激细胞中ROS的产生;ERK/MAPK抑制剂PD98059显著抑制DEHP诱导的MMP-8分泌,但对IL-1β分泌未表现出抑制作用。研究表明,DEHP可能是经ERK/MAPK信号路径诱导MMP-8基因和蛋白的表达,经其他路径诱导IL-1β基因和蛋白的表达,诱导细胞内ROS的产生,从而激发炎症反应,进而损害免疫系统功能引发哮喘等炎症性疾病。此研究结果可为DEHP的暴露风险评估提供参考。     

Heavy metals in contemporary Chinese sewage sludges

The heavy metal content in sewage sludges from a big Chinese city was investigated. Concentrations of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) in the sludges were 258–4050 mg kg^‐1, bd: 994 mgkg^‐1, 8.3–566 mg kg^‐1, 26.3–370mgkg^‐1 4.2–113 mg kg^‐1 0.9–6.4 mg kg^‐1 and 1.8–12.4 mg kg^‐1 respectively. The concentrations of Zn and Pb in the sewage sludges from the residential areas were higher than those in the mixed ones (from both residential and industrial areas). The concentrations of heavy metals in the flocculently dewatered sewage sludges were higher than those in the sediment of the centrifuged undewatered sewage sludges. After centrifuging, more than 60% of heavy metals remained in the sludge sediment with an exception of Cd. The content of organic matter, total phosphorus (T‐P) and total potassium (T‐K) in these sewage sludges was also measured.     

大气挥发性有机化合物环境基准研究进展与展望

挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)中的许多物种对人体具有危害性,同时,VOCs对大气环境产生着重要的影响。目前我国部分区域大气VOCs污染已经十分严重,控制大气VOCs污染对于改善环境空气质量,保护人体健康具有重要意义。国际上许多国家或国际组织制定了大气VOCs环境基准或者发布了大气VOCs环境基准指导值,这对于加强VOCs污染控制及环境管理可以起到重要作用。我国尚未制定大气VOCs环境基准,亟待开展系统的研究工作。在综述国际大气VOCs环境基准研究进展,介绍当前我国大气VOCs环境基准研究情况的基础上,分析了我国大气VOCs环境基准的研究需求,并对今后的系统研究提出了建议。     

GH4169合金超塑性挤压工艺的研究

此文通过挤压比为9:1的GH4169合金超塑性挤压工艺的研究,对GH4169合金的精密成形方式做了一些探讨。在自制的玻璃基润滑剂HLB03的使用下,T=1000℃、平均挤压速度y=2mm/min、最大单位挤压力P_(max)=561.7MPa时,得到了满意的挤压效果。     

仿生智能算法在突发环境污染事件应急响应中的应用

近年来随着中国工农业生产和经济建设的快速发展,中国已经进入突发环境事件频发期。然而,中国的突发环境污染事件应急体系仍处于初级应用阶段,不能满足事故频发期事故应对的要求。因此,建立科学的应急决策支持系统具有重大的意义。在决策支持系统中,智能算法处于核心地位。文章对人工智能领域的仿生智能算法在环境应急领域的应用作简要介绍,并明确了多技术集成化应用的研究方向,以期对今后的研究有所启发。     

《人工湿地水质净化技术指南》编制思路与体系

人工湿地是水生态修复、污染削减、增加生态空间、改善生物多样性的重要手段,对于恢复流域水生态系统、为水体提供生态流量、促进区域再生水循环利用和推进生态文明建设具有重要意义。2021年4月30日,生态环境部发布《人工湿地水质净化技术指南》(简称《指南》),旨在指导各地做好人工湿地水质净化相关工作。重点解读了《指南》制定的背景与意义、编制思路、主要内容和实施的建议,系统阐述了人工湿地净化工程的设计、施工与验收、运行维护的技术要点。《指南》针对当前人工湿地重建设、轻维护,设计、施工与验收和运行维护各环节不统一等问题,基于工程实践和科研成果,紧扣影响湿地功能、净化效率和长效运行的重要因素,开展全国气候分区,并分区提出设计参数、细化施工与验收及运行维护的技术要求,可为全国因地制宜开展人工湿地水质净化工作提供思路参考与技术支撑。     

Selection of microalgae for high CO2 fixation efficiency and lipid accumulation from ten Chlorella strains using municipal wastewater

As significant differences in cellular physiology, metabolic potential and genetics occur among strains with morphological similarity, the screening of appropriate microalgae species for effective CO₂ fixation and biodiesel production is extremely critical. In this study, ten strains of Chlorella were cultivated in municipal wastewater influent (MWI) and their tolerance for MWI, CO₂ fixation efficiency and lipid productivity were assessed. The results showed that the biomass concentrations of four strains (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella 64.01, Chlorella regularis var. minima and Chlorella sp.) were significantly higher than other strains. When the cultivation systems were aerated with 10% CO₂, Chlorella sp. showed the highest CO₂ fixation efficiency (35.51%), while the highest lipid accumulation (58.48%) was observed with C. vulgaris. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the cells of both Chlorella sp. and C. vulgaris kept their normal morphologies after 15 day batch culture. These findings indicated that Chlorella sp. and C. vulgaris have fairly good tolerance for MWI, and moreover, Chlorella sp. was appropriate for CO₂ fixation while C. vulgaris represented the highest potential for producing biodiesel.     

基于MODIS_C006的乌鲁木齐10年气溶胶光学厚度变化特征

利用2006~2015年美国NASA地球观测系统(EOS)中分辨成像仪MODIS Level 2 10 km分辨率产品MYD04__L2__C006数据,分析乌鲁木齐市存在轻度以上(包括轻度)大气污染状况下的10年气溶胶光学厚度变化特征.结果表明,乌鲁木齐市10年平均AOD年内呈单峰分布,AOD从1~4月逐渐增大,4月达全年峰值,为0.37±0.19,10月达到最低值,为0.22±0.20;受春季沙尘天气频发影响,AOD季节变化特征表现为春季最大,城区大气污染状况严重,夏季、冬季次之,秋季最小,且乌鲁木齐市区大气污染状况较郊区严重;10年AOD均值为0.293;2006年出现AOD年均最高值为0.33,最低值出现在2008年,为0.24,较2007年单年降幅达23.3%.乌鲁木齐市10年AOD年际变化呈上升趋势,且低值点与高值点较以往研究均有不同程度增幅,虽然2015年出现减弱势头,乌鲁木齐市近10年的大气污染状况仍较严重,仍需加强控制.