我国红树林净化污水研究进展

红树林具有净化污水的潜能,我国在20世纪80年代中期开始以污染生态学为理论依据进行红树林净化污水的研究.国内红树林净化污水研究主要包括两方面内容,一是研究污水排放对红树林的影响,包括重金属污水、含油废水、生活污水等不同类型污水排放对红树林生长、生理生态、红树林沉积物、林区藻类等的影响;二是研究红树林净化污水的效能,包括红树林累积、吸收和对污水中污染物的净化能力、净化效果的研究.主要从以上两个方面,综述了国内红树林净化污水的研究进展,以期为红树林净化污水的进一步研究和应用提供参考.     

建设环境友好型社会是中国建设和谐社会的必然选择解读"十一五"

必须加快转变经济增长方式。我国土地、淡水、能源、矿产资源和环境状况对经济发展已构成严重制约。要把节约资源作为基本国策，发展循环经济。保护生态环境，加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，促进经济发展与人口、资源、环境相协调。推进国民经济和社会信息化，切实走新型工业化道路。坚持节约发展、清洁发展、安全发展。实现可持续发展。 发展循环经济，是建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会和实现可持续发展的重要途径。坚持开发节约并重、节约优先，按照减量化、再利用、资源化的原则，大力推进节能节水节地节材。加强资源综合利用。完善再生资源回收利用体系。全面推行清洁生产。形成低投入、低消耗、低排放和高效率的节约型增长方式。[编者按]     

上海市区中小变电站的环境影响分析

通过对上海市区典型变电站电磁场强度，辐射电磁波及噪声的监测、测试，作出了中小型变电站建设对周围居民环境影响的定性评价，并提出了一些需要注意的问题。     

多环芳烃的污染及其生物修复

多环芳烃(PAHs)是环境介质中普遍存在的难降解有机污染物，文中综述了目前国内外对PAHs的研究状况，重点阐述了它的来源分布、迁移转化、生物毒性、监测控制及其生物修复的研究进展等，从而为防治环境污染提供科学依据。     

表面活性剂对分枝杆菌KR2生长的影响

研究了表面活性剂的浓度、离子类型和分子结构等对分枝杆菌KR2菌株生长的影响。结果表明，一些表面活性剂在低浓度时可以促进分枝杆菌KR2的生长，高浓度时则会抑制KR2菌株的生长。表面活性剂的离子类型对KR2菌株生长抑制作用的顺序为：阳离子活性剂TDTMA＞阴离子表面活性剂LAS＞非离子表面活性剂Tween80。表面活性剂的直链长度对KR2菌株生长的影响为：直链越短，对分枝杆菌KR2菌株生长的抑制作用越大。     

膜分离技术处理电镀废水的实验研究

采用纳滤＋反渗透2级处理系统浓缩回收电镀铜漂洗废水。实验结果显示：在△P=1．5MPa条件下进行浓缩．纳滤膜可以使料液浓缩近10倍。纳滤膜对Cu^2＋的截留率在96％以上，对COD的截留率在57％以上。在△P=3．0MPa条件下进行浓缩，反渗透膜可以使料液浓缩近10倍。反渗透膜对Cu^2＋的截留率在98％以上，对COD的截留率在67％以上。随着料液浓度的增加，纳滤膜和反渗透膜的截留率会降低。     

Recovery of heavy metals from electroplating sludge and stainless steel pickle waste liquid by ammonia leaching method

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＥｌｅｃｔｒｏｐｌａｔｉｎｇｓｌｕｄｇｅ，ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇＣｕ，Ｎｉ，Ｚｎ，Ｃｒ，Ｆｅ，ｅｔｃ．，ｉｓｈａｒｍｆｕｌｗａｓｔｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄｂｙｇａｌｖａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｓｔｉｌｌｎｏｅｆｆｅｃｔｉｖｅｍｅｔｈｏｄｔｏｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅａｎｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｂｏｔｈａｔｈｏｍｅａｎｄａｂｒｏａｄ．Ｔｈｅｍｅｔａｌｓｄｉｓｃａｒｄｅｄｂｙｇａｌｖａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙａｍｏｕｎ…     

Adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid onto hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents

Both bottle-point and column-feeding experiments involving different solutes and sorbents were carried out to investigate the adsorption selectivity and separation performance of salicylic acid and 5-sulfosalicylic acid. Their adsorption isotherms onto such hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbents as NDA-100 and NDA-99 could be well described by the Freundlich equations whose characteristics describe extrathermic and favorable adsorption processes. The adsorption towards NDA-100 mainly depended on the π-π interaction, while that towards NDA-99 was extremely influenced by the static-electric interaction. Additionally, the adsorptive capacity of salicylic acid on NDA-99 decreased while it increased on NDA-100 with the presence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment as the competitive component. Comparatively, the adsorption capacity of 5-sulfosalicylic acid decreased on both resins with salicylic acid as the competitive component. In fact, the difference in the interaction between adsorbent and adsorbate resulted in the straight antagonism on the effective adsorption sites on the adsorbent. In conclusion, the adsorption selectivity of salicylic acid onto NDA-100 was obviously larger than that onto NDA-99 with the existence of 5-sulfosalicylic acid in the adsorptive environment. A satisfactory separation and recovery of tested solutes in aqueous phase could be foreseeably achieved by the sequencing adsorption technique involving NDA-100 as well as NDA-99. Translated from Environmental Pollution & Control, 2005, 27(8): 570–574 [译自: 环境污染与防治]     

Total nitrogen and community turnover determine phosphorus use efficiency of phytoplankton along nutrient gradients in plateau lakes

Numerous studies support that biodiversity predict most to ecosystem functioning, but whether other factors display a more significant direct impact on ecosystem functioning than biodiversity remains to be studied. We investigated 398 samples of the phytoplankton phosphorus resource use efficiency (RUE_P = chlorophyll-a concentration/dissolved phosphate) across two seasons in nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, China. We identified the main contributors to phytoplankton RUE_P and analyzed their potential influences on RUE_P at different lake trophic states. The results showed that total nitrogen (TN) contributed the most to RUE_P among the nine lakes, whereas community turnover (measured as community dissimilarity) explained the most to RUE_P variation across the two seasons. Moreover, TN also influenced RUE_P by affecting biodiversity. Species richness (SR), functional attribute diversity (FAD2), and dendrogram-based functional diversity (FDc) were positively correlated with RUE_P in both seasons, while evenness was negatively correlated with RUE_P at the end of the rainy season. We also found that the effects of biodiversity and turnover on RUE_P depended on the lake trophic states. SR and FAD2 were positively correlated with RUE_P in all three trophic states. Evenness showed a negative correlation with RUE_P at the eutrophic and oligotrophic levels, but a positive correlation at the mesotrophic level. Turnover had a negative influence on RUE_P at the eutrophic level, but a positive influence at the mesotrophic and oligotrophic levels. Overall, our results suggested that multiple factors and nutrient states need to be considered when the ecosystem functioning predictors and the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships are investigated.     

煤矸石制非烧结砖的可行性研究

从实验室试验和工业性试验出发， 煤矸石制非烧结砖的可行性。研究结果表明，用煤矸石和适量固化剂制成的非绕结砖经过２８ｄ自然养护后，其质量和放射性均符合国家有关标准。利用煤矸石非烧砖无 技术上还是经济上都是可行和有利的。