不同流向BAF硝化影响因素的对比试验

在温度、水力负荷、气水比、氨氮负荷、有机物负荷等硝化影响因素同等变化的情况下,进行了不同流向单级陶粒BAF硝化效果的对比试验研究。结果表明,UBAF的硝化效果和稳定性优于DBAF。若在同一反应器中同时去除有机物和氨氮,UBAF的经济气水比为3∶1～6∶1,DBAF的经济气水比为3∶1～5∶1。当进水有机物负荷<11 kg/(m³·d),有机物和氨氮的负荷比<5时,UBAF和DBAF的氨氮去除率相差不大。在较高COD浓度下,硝化菌在DBAF中与异氧菌的竞争能力不如UBAF。两级BAF的第一级宜为UBAF,但DBAF可能更适于作为二级滤池以提高系统稳定性、反硝化效率以及出水水质。     

密封消解法测定高盐废水COD时的最佳实验条件选择

通过对密封消解法测定高盐废水COD的消解时间、氧化剂浓度、掩蔽剂比例等实验条件研究 ,确定了适合高盐废水COD测定的最佳实验条件 ,并用混配水样和实际水样进行验证。研究结果表明 :消解时间为 30min ,掩蔽剂比例为 10 1,对不同范围的COD采用不同浓度的氧化剂 ,混配水样和实际水样中的氯离子对COD测定干扰很小 ,方法的准确度较好 ,相对误差 <8 3% ,加标回收率 >92 %。     

缸内直喷汽油机多环芳烃排放特性的试验研究

在一台缸内直喷(GDI)汽油机上,分别用玻璃纤维滤膜和“聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫(PUF)+XAD-2”对尾气中的颗粒相和气相多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了采集,并用色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对PAHs进行了定性定量分析,研究了点火时刻和废气再循环(EGR)对PAHs排放的影响.结果表明:在缸内直喷汽油机尾气中,气相PAHs浓度远高于颗粒相PAHs浓度,在气相PAHs中主要是2环和3环等小环PAHs,而在颗粒相PAHs中则主要是4环及以上的大环PAHs.随着点火时刻的提前,尾气中PAHs总浓度呈现先减小后增加再减小的变化趋势,气相和颗粒相PAHs浓度也呈现相似的变化趋势.随着EGR率的增大,气相PAHs所占比例先减小后增大,颗粒相PAHs所占比例则先增大后减小,总PAHs的排放在整体上呈现逐渐减小的变化趋势.加入EGR后,GDI汽油机尾气的毒性显著增大.     

以第二方审核促进承包商自主HSE管理

分析了承包商HSE监督管理方面存在的不足,提出第二方审核作为监督管理的延伸和补充,在促进承包商自主管理、自我提升和培养长期合作承包商的作用和意义,指出针对不同类型承包商开展第二方审核的实施重点。     

用水基表面活性剂乳液回收废白土中蜡的界面张力研究

通过测定液体与废白土粉末之间的接触角及液体与蜡之间的液液界面张力，对水基表面活性剂乳液的溶剂及配方进行了优选，得到最俊的水基表面活性剂乳液的组成为：质量分数０．２％的十二烷基苯磺酸钠十体积分数为２．５％的乙醇十体积分数为２５％的混合烃（正己烷十苯，等体积）＋体积分数为７２．５％的水，实验证明，用该水基表面活性剂乳液处理废白土，蜡的回收率可达８０％，同时不破坏白土的颗粒结构。     

Low-carbon utilization of coal gangue under the carbon neutralization strategy: a short review

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The treatment and utilization of coal gangue, one of the main solid wastes produced during coal mining, are of great significance in environmental...     

A docking-based receptor library of antibiotics and its novel application in predicting chronic mixture toxicity for environmental risk assessment

As organisms are typically exposed to chemical mixtures over long periods of time, chronic mixture toxicity is the best way to perform an environmental risk assessment (ERA). However, it is difficult to obtain the chronic mixture toxicity data due to the high expense and the complexity of the data acquisition method. Therefore, an approach was proposed in this study to predict chronic mixture toxicity. The acute (15 min exposure) and chronic (24 h exposure) toxicity of eight antibiotics and trimethoprim to Vibrio fischeri were determined in both single and binary mixtures. The results indicated that the risk quotients (RQs) of antibiotics should be based on the chronic mixture toxicity. To predict the chronic mixture toxicity, a docking-based receptor library of antibiotics and the receptor-library-based quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model were developed. Application of the developed QSAR model to the ERA of antibiotic mixtures demonstrated that there was a close affinity between RQs based on the observed chronic toxicity and the corresponding RQs based on the predicted data. The average coefficients of variations were 46.26 and 34.93 % and the determination coefficients (R ²) were 0.999 and 0.998 for the low concentration group and the high concentration group, respectively. This result convinced us that the receptor library would be a promising tool for predicting the chronic mixture toxicity of antibiotics and that it can be further applied in ERA.     

活性炭负载金属氧化物催化臭氧氧化甲硝唑

采用浸渍法制备了Fe、Ni、Ag、Ce 4种金属氧化物负载活性炭(MeOx/AC)催化剂,并用于甲硝唑(MNZ)的催化臭氧氧化降解,以考察其催化活性.在20 mg/h的臭氧投加量下,催化剂的加入(0.5 g)对MNZ(C0=5 mg/L;pH=5.5)的氧化和矿化有明显改善,其中NiOX/AC催化剂表现出较好的催化活性...     

黑龙江黑河段水污染特征及原因分析

以１９９８年黑龙江黑河段监测数据为基础,简述了黑龙江黑河段水环境污染特征及形成原因。     

新型人工湿地生态填料净化生活污水的试验研究

采用单一粒级的碎石作为粗骨料,水泥、粉煤灰和化学添加剂为胶结材料制备了2种新型人工湿地生态填料(以下简称人工生态填料),分别为普通人工生态填料(ES-C)和内置空隙人工生态填料(ES-V),对比研究了2种人工生态填料和普通碎石填料对模拟农村生活污水的净化处理效果,探讨了影响其去除效果的几个因素。结果表明,处理第5天,效果最好的ES-V对COD、NH4+-N和TP的去除率分别为83.13%、75.25%和75.17%,浓度达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级B标准;普通碎石填料的NH4+-N去除率比人工生态填料低30%左右,TP的去除率约为人工生态填料的一半。当COD/NH4+-N(质量比)为9～13,NH4+-N负荷为20～55mg/L时,人工生态填料对NH4+-N的去除效果较好;TP为3～10mg/L时,人工生态填料对TP有较高的去除率。最后从物理、化学和生化作用3个方面探讨了人工生态填料的去污机制。