Phase transformation mechanism of boiler ash roasted with sodium salt for vanadium extraction

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Boiler ash, produced by burning heavy fuel oil (HFO) in electrical power plants, is one of the most serious environmental problems facing oil-rich...     

城市灾害风险的基本构成要素

对城市灾害风险管理以及城市灾害和城市灾害风险的构成要素进行了分析研究,从构成要素角度解析了城市灾害的形成和城市灾害风险的形成。     

Photocatalytic water splitting of ternary graphene-like photocatalyst for the photocatalytic hydrogen production

•The MoS₂/SiC/GO composite has a strong photocatalytic activity than SiC. •The optimal catalyst yielded the highest quantum of 21.69%. •GO acts as a bridge for electron passage in photocatalytic reaction. In recent times, therehas been an increasing demand for energy which has resulted in an increased consumption of fossil fuels thereby posing a number of challenges to the environment. In the course finding possible solutions to this environmental canker, solar photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogengas has been identified as one of the most promising methods for generating renewable energy. To retard the recombination of photogenerated carriers and improve the efficiencyof photocatalysis, the present paper reports a facile method called the hydrothermal method, which was used to prepare ternary graphene-like photocatalyst. A “Design Expert” was used to investigate the influence of the loading weight of Mo and GO as well as the temperature of hydrothermal reaction and their interactions on the evolution of hydrogen (H₂) in 4 h. The experimental results showed that the ternary graphene-like photocatalyst has a strong photocatalytic hydrogen production activity compared to that of pure SiC. In particular, the catalyst added 2.5 wt% of GO weight yielded the highest quantum of 21.69 % at 400–700 nm of wavelength. The optimal evolution H₂ in 4 h conditions wasobtained as follows: The loading weight of Mo was 8.19 wt%, the loading weight of GO was 2.02 wt%, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction was 200.93°C. Under the optimum conditions, the evolution of H₂ in 4 h could reach 4.2030 mL.     

Mobilization of arsenic in aquifers from the Datong Basin,China: Evidence from geochemical and iron isotopic data

Iron isotope compositions of various Fe pools in aquifer sediments were measured at a known As-contaminated site in the Datong Basin, China. The δ⁵⁶Fe values of HCl-extracted poor-crystalline Fe(III) range widely from ?0.41‰ to 0.36‰. We interpret the low Fe(II)/Fe_Extractable ratios (<50%) and the negative correlation between Fe(II)/Fe_Extractable and δ⁵⁶Fe values in HCl-extracted poor-crystalline Fe to be best explained by redox cycling of Fe induced by microbial Fe(III) reduction. However, the high Fe(II)/Fe_Extractable ratios (?70%) and positive correlation between Fe(II)/Fe_Extractable and δ⁵⁶Fe values for HCl-extracted poor-crystalline Fe indicates production of sulfides (FeSs). The δ⁵⁶Fe values of crystalline Fe(III) extracted by reductant appears to be comparatively small varying from ?0.01‰ to 0.24‰, which is consistent with the δ⁵⁶Fe values for ferric oxides/hydroxides having undergone microbial Fe(III) reduction. The Fe isotope composition of various Fe pools shows the transformation between crystalline Fe(III) and poor-crystalline crystalline Fe(III) and the secondary Fe(II) phases has already occurred or is occurring in aquifer sediments. More importantly, there is a significant difference in the As concentrations in crystalline Fe(III) oxides/hydroxides and HCl-extracted Fe phases. The concentrations of As range from 1.6 to 29.9 mg kg^?1 and from 0.6 to 3.0 mg kg^?1, for crystalline Fe(III) and HCl-extracted Fe phases respectively. Accordingly, the transformation of Fe minerals induced by microbial Fe(III) reduction can contribute to the mobilization of As. This study is the first to examine the Fe isotope compositions in high As aquifer sediments; the results show that the Fe isotope would be an important tool in demonstrating the enrichment of As in groundwater.     

深圳市在用柴油公交车排放研究

以公交车为例,利用OBS-2200和ELPI(electrical low pressure impactor)对深圳市重型柴油车(high-duty diesel vehicles,HDDVs)进行了3次在实际道路上的车载排放测试.根据测试数据计算了NOx和PM排放因子及百公里油耗,并分析了不同道路、不同工况对NOx...     

华北平原冬季持续大雾对挥发性有机物（VOCs）的影响研究

挥发性有机物（VOCs）在光照条件下氧化转化产生二次污染物,对环境、气候以及人类健康产生巨大影响.VOCs在液相中氧化生成非挥发性有机物被认为是SOA的重要形成途径,但目前对VOCs在高湿环境下的浓度变化研究甚少.为探究VOCs的浓度演变和在液相环境中的变化规律,本研究结合在线质子转移反应飞行时间质谱（PTR-ToF-MS）和碘离子化学电离飞行时间质谱（I--ToF-CIMS）在华北平原冬季的区域站点开展VOCs观测.结果表明,当地较强的一次人为源排放促使高浓度VOCs生成.在观测期间持续大雾天气的条件下,芳香烃类、萜类以及醇类化合物与CO的排放比受到较低的影响,而醛酮类化合物与有机酸（C1～C5）与CO的排放比显著降低.结合各VOCs物种的亨利常数值和化合物在液相反应能力的性质发现,芳香烃类、萜类化合物由于不溶于水的性质使得在高湿天气排放比不受影响.醇类虽然有着较高的亨利常数值,却因其在液相中不水解且氧化降解较少的性质导致排放比变化较小,而醛酮类和有机酸在高湿条件下的低排放比特征正是受较高的溶解度和反应能力所决定.本研究提供了不同VOCs种类在持续大雾天气下的排放比变化,以及VOCs...     

畜禽养殖污染源综合整治工艺参数确定探究

本文针对泸州市某农业有限公司畜禽养殖污染现状,采用猪-沼-林(菜、果)模式对污染源进行综合整治。粪便和污水进行农业综合利用,按每10头猪(出栏)粪便堆场所需容积约1m3,粪便堆场所需容积为400m3;按每亩土地年消纳粪便不超过5头猪(出栏)计,本养殖场粪便消纳需土地为800亩;按每亩土地年消纳污水(尿液)不超过5头猪(出栏)计,本猪场污水(尿液)经沼气池处理后,需要消纳的土地为800亩。     

“双轨制”土地资源评价在土地利用总体规划中的应用

本文通过大连市和辽阳市及其所属的两个城市边缘区的土地利用总体规划的实践认为,在市、县（区）级土地利用总体规划中,土地资源采用已利用土地的利用现状类型评价和未利用土地适宜性评价的＂双轨制＂评价方法,比统盘采用土地适宜性评价的方法具有更大的优越性。文中以辽阳市为例,简要地介绍了＂双轨制＂评价的方法和成果在土地利用总体规划中的应用效果。     

Photo-induced surface frustrated Lewis pairs for promoted photocatalytic decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid

● Terminal carboxylate group activation is PFOA degradation’s rate-limiting step. ● Bi₃O(OH)(PO₄)₂ with surface frustrated Lewis pairs (SFLPs) efficiently degrade PFOA. ● Photo-induced Lewis acidic sites and proximal surface hydroxyls constitute SFLPs. ● SFLPs act as collection centers to effectively adsorb PFOA. ● SFLPs endow accessible pathways for photogenerated holes rapid transfer to PFOA. Heterogeneous photocatalysis has gained substantial research interest in treating per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)-contaminated water. However, sluggish degradation kinetics and low defluorination efficiency compromise their practical applications. Here, we report a superior photocatalyst, defected Bi₃O(OH)(PO₄)₂, which could effectively degrade typical PFAS, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), with high defluorination efficiency. The UV light irradiation could in situ generate oxygen vacancies on Bi₃O(OH)(PO₄)₂ through oxidation of the lattice hydroxyls, which further promotes the formation of Lewis acidic coordinately unsaturated bismuth sites. Then, the Lewis acidic sites couple with the proximal surface hydroxyls to constitute the surface frustrated Lewis pairs (SFLPs). With the in-depth spectroscopic analysis, we revealed that the photo-induced SFLPs act as collection centers to effectively adsorb PFOA and endow accessible pathways to transfer photogenerated holes to PFOA rapidly. Consequently, activation of the terminal carboxyl, a rate-limiting step for PFOA decomposition, could be easily achieved over the defected Bi₃O(OH)(PO₄)₂ photocatalyst. These results suggest that SFLPs exhibit great potential in developing highly efficient photocatalysts to degrade persistent organic pollutants.     

磷酸水热预处理制备高比表面积高介孔率活性炭

以锯末为原材料,采用磷酸水热预处理后活化的工艺制备高介孔率活性炭,以比表面积和孔容为评价标准,通过单因素实验探究了酸料比、活化温度、活化时间对活性炭比表面积及总孔容的影响规律,验证了该工艺的可行性.最优条件下所制备的活性炭比表面积为2579 m~2·g~(-1),介孔率达到96.6%,充分说明磷酸水热预处理工艺能够显著提高活性炭介孔孔容占比.亚甲基蓝(MB)吸附实验数据与Redlich-Peterson模型拟合度较好,样本活性炭对MB的吸附为单分子层吸附,最大单层吸附量为618.35 mg·g~(-1),接近于实验测试值632.79 mg·g~(-1),表明该方法制备的活性炭具有良好的MB吸附性能.