改性秸秆吸附微生物对土壤中石油烃降解及演化特征的影响

以甲基丙烯酸丁酯-苯乙烯改性玉米秸秆（BMGS）为载体吸附微生物对油污土壤进行了模拟降解实验,研究BMGS作为菌剂载体对油污土壤的降解效果,同时利用GC-MS指纹图谱深入分析TPH（total petroleum hydrocarbon）的重要组分——正构烷烃的降解演化规律和特性。结果表明：BMGS具有较高吸油能力（10.3 g·g-1）,大于原秸秆（RMS）5.7 g·g-1;在3%含油量的油污土壤中,加入用BMGS吸附的菌剂的降解半衰期（14.8 d）均短于空白与用原秸秆（RMS）吸附的半衰期（36.1 d和33.0 d）。降解演化特性表明,2种秸秆RMS与BMGS材料对正构烷烃降解的促进作用依次提高,主峰碳数均出现前移,且BMGS的效果更为明显。加入BMGS后有利于菌剂降解较难降解的偶碳数正构烷烃和类异戊二烯烷烃,并且在降解前、后期,对低、高碳数正构烷烃的降解优势完成增效作用,高碳数正构烷烃平均降解率达到91.25%,较好地解释BMGS吸附菌剂后可以缩短降解TPH半衰期及提高降解率的原因。     

响应面法建立不同经口介质中邻苯二甲酸酯生物有效性预测模型及相关因素

运用响应面法对不同消化基质下邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)生物有效性的相关因素进行筛选建立预测模型,并对主要因素设定值进行分析.研究表明,3种模型中因变量与自变量之间的相关性较好(土壤:R2=0.959;农作物及植物:R2=0.973;脂肪:R2=0.862),模型拟合度较高.通过多次试验模拟,初步认为在土壤消化基质中,设置人体摄入PAEs经口摄入浓度为10μg·g-1,基质质量为0.4g,pH值约为7时,生物吸收量最高.在植物源基质下,污染物浓度在10—11μg·g-1,消化时间在6—7h,基质质量为0.4g为生物吸收量最高.脂肪源中,基质质量在0.4g,污染物浓度在10μg·g-1,脂肪量在10%—11%时,PAEs生物吸收量最高.研究通过重复试验,充分体现了该模型的准确性,及设定条件的可靠性.但本研究仅考虑摄入介质相对单一,污染物化合形态等未在考虑范围内,在后期研究中将补充试验.     

Analysis on the Evolution of Regional Economic Disparity in the West Coast of the Strait

With the implementation of reform and opening-up, the overall economy of China has made brilliant achievements; meanwhile, however, the economic disparity has been enlarging among some regions, and between the city and the countryside. The existence and evolution of this kind of economic disparity is concerned with social stability, sustainable development and the construction of harmonious society, which has gradually become the hotspot in social economic development. The West Coast of the Strait （WCS） located in southeast littoral areas is adjacent to the Pearl and Yangtze River Delta in the south and north and faces Taiwan Province in the east. The stability and development of this region has vital political and economic meaning in the social economic development of our country. It has important theoretical meaning and practical value to research the form, characteristics and evolution of regional economic disparity in the WCS. Based on insightful analysis on existing study results on the WCS, the paper defines the connotation and extension. By a series of absolute and comparative relative evaluation indexes and taking the WCS since 1992 as the study object, the paper makes analysis on different scales including three regions, four regions, 20 cities and 152 counties, quantitatively evaluates the level, characteristics and evolution of the regional economic disparity and compares the regional economic disparity on different scales. The main conclusions are as follows： the variation trend of the absolute disparity of the whole region is obvious and stable, which has presented an inflating trend; the comparative variation trend on a large scale has waved, The comparative disparity of the three regions increased annually from 1992 to around 2000, which had a decreasing trend from around 2000 to 2005; the comparative variation trend on a small scale was not stable, which showed an annual increase of four regions, 20 cities and 152 counties from 1992 to around 2003 and a decrease from around 2003 to 2005; the     

基于改进型灰色神经网络组合模型的空气质量预测

基于空气质量数据不足及波动较大的情况,将灰色GM（1,1）模型与人工神经网络模型组合并改进,建立改进型灰色神经网络组合模型。利用天津市2001—2008年PM10、SO2和NO2年均值作为原始数据预测2009—2010年PM10、SO2和NO2的浓度以进行模型精度检验,最后利用该模型预测2011—2015年天津市空气质量状况。结果表明,与灰色GM（1,1）模型、传统灰色神经网络组合模型相比,所建立的改进型灰色神经网络组合模型相对模拟误差小,预测结果更为可靠,可以用于空气质量预测。     

钠基膨润土、粉煤灰吸附预处理煤气化废水效果及机理

煤气化废水具有可生化性差,酚类物质含量高、毒性强的特点,导致生物处理效果不理想。以煤气化废水厌氧段进水为研究对象,分别以钠基膨润土(Na-BBT)与粉煤灰(PFA)作为吸附剂,探究其对煤气化废水中主要特征污染物的去除效果和吸附机理。结果表明：Na-BBT、PFA对煤气化废水中的化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH₃-N)与总酚(total phenols,Tph)有一定的去除效果,其可生化性得到提升,经过Na-BBT和PFA处理后,BOD₅/COD由0.29分别提高至0.37和0.32;废水中的NH₃-N由221.3 mg·L⁻¹分别降至128.6 mg·L⁻¹和180.8 mg·L⁻¹,总酚由554.8 mg·L⁻¹分别降至360.6 mg·L⁻¹和386.7 mg·L⁻¹。气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)分析结果表明,去除的主要物质为苯酚、4-甲基苯酚、邻苯二酚、(R)-(+)-3-甲基环戊酮和对羟基苯乙酮等毒性物质,废水毒性得到降低,毒性单元(toxic unit,TU)值由 22.3 分别降至 15.2和18.4。通过吸附等温和吸附动力学分析可知,Na-BBT和PFA对煤气化废水的吸附符合 Langmuir模型和准一级动力学模型;三维荧光光谱、孔径比表面积(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X 射线衍射(XRD)、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)和X射线电子能谱(XPS)等分析结果表明,Na-BBT和PFA对煤气化废水中污染物的吸附去除过程和机理主要受物理扩散控制,为表面和孔道的物理吸附,同时也存在离子交换吸附。以上结果表明Na-BBT和PFA作为吸附剂,可以有效提高煤气化废水的可生化性,降低毒性,将其用于煤气化废水的预处理,具有潜在和广泛的应用前景。     

基于云模型的民用机场消防指挥员决策能力测评研究

为研究民用机场消防指挥员决策能力,考虑测评指标分为定性与定量2类,且指标存在模糊性的特点,建立基于云模型的民用机场消防指挥员决策能力测评方法。根据相关规章规定、专家意见和问卷调查结果,确定测评指标体系,并依据云模型原理建立定性到定量的测评转换模型,将指标的定性测评转化为直观的定量评价;最后,根据云模型的期望、熵、超熵,评价民用机场消防指挥员决策能力水平。研究结果表明:利用基于云模型原理构建的定性与定量测评转换模型进行决策能力测评,所得测评结果能够体现评价指标模糊性和随机性的特点,评估结果更加直观且贴近实际情况。     

Relationship between heavy metals and dissolved organic matter released from sediment by bioturbation/bioirrigation

Organic matter (OM) is an important component of sediment. Bioturbation/bioirrigation can remobilize OM and heavy metals that were previously buried in the sediment. The remobilization of buried organic matter, thallium (Tl), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) from sediment was studied in a laboratory experiment with three organisms: tubificid, chironomid larvae and loach. Results showed that bioturbation/bioirrigation promoted the release of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and dissolved Tl, Cd, Cu and Zn, but only dissolved Zn concentrations decreased with exposure time in overlying water. The presence of organisms altered the compositions of DOM released from sediment, considerably increasing the percentage of fulvic acid-like materials (FA) and humic acid-like materials (HA). In addition, bioturbation/bioirrigation accelerated the growth and reproduction of bacteria to enhance the proportion of soluble microbial byproduct-like materials (SMP). The DOM was divided into five regions in the three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (3D-EEM), and each part had different correlation with the dissolved heavy metal concentrations. Dissolved Cu had the best correlation with each of the DOM compositions, indicating that Cu in the sediment was in the organic-bound form. Furthermore, the organism type and heavy metal characteristics both played a role in influencing the remobilization of heavy metal.     

应急场景下矿工脑电成分特征的实验研究

为探究矿工在应急场景下的脑电成分变化规律,研究通过脑电实验的方法对矿工在观看应急与正常作业场景下文字与图片素材的脑电数据进行分析.结果表明:矿工在实验素材的靶刺激下,ERP成分明显,且图片刺激效果强于文字,在200～400 ms时,P200,P300成分峰值最大;矿工大脑α节律不断下降,β节律不断上升,且β节律波幅面积...