电液压脉冲放电与铁屑内电解法联用处理TNT废水试验研究

TNT结构稳定,废水又具有生物毒性,难以生物降解,采用电液压脉冲放电与铁屑内电解法联用能有效处理TNT废水。研究了铁屑投加量、pH值和铁屑重复使用对TNT降解的影响。试验条件为：放电电压36 kV,废水体积7 L,TNT初始浓度90 mg/L,电极间距8 mm。结果表明,在投加铁屑700 g和pH值为6.5时,TNT降解率分别达到97.7%,铁屑重复使用6次不影响TNT降解效果;放电后静置一段时间,TNT仍然继续降解;在125 L的反应器中处理115 L废水,TNT初始浓度50 mg/L,TNT最大降解率达94.2％,TNT浓度降至2.9 mg/L。     

浦阳江干流生态缓冲带的划定与构建

河流生态缓冲带(简称"缓冲带")的划定是对河流进行生态修复与保护的重要前提。如何确定缓冲带的宽度和空间布局也是管理部门和学者们关注的热点。以浙江省金华市山溪型河流浦阳江干流为例,利用GF-2卫星影像提取河流岸线、解译河岸两侧土地利用状况,通过VFSMOD模型工具和缓冲带自然条件综合确定农田型、村落型、林草型河段的缓冲带宽度;而城镇型河段则结合城市河道蓝线来确定缓冲带宽度;最终划定浦阳江干流左右岸缓冲带总长度109.63 km,总面积2.837 km²。在此基础上,构建了试点区域上仙屋断面的缓冲带修复方案,旨在为缓冲带修复和水环境质量改善提供参考。     

长江流域生态产品价值实现机制与成效评价

探索建立生态产品价值实现机制对于推动长江流域生态保护与经济发展协调具有重要意义.从生态产品保护、价值转化、保障机制等3个方面出发,构建生态产品价值实现成效的综合指标评价体系,全面探析长江流域37个典型城市(州)的生态产品价值实现成效与存在问题.结果表明:该区域生态产品价值实现成效总指数平均为70.48,保护成效、价值转...     

氟工厂附近青少年体内全氟化合物(PFASs)暴露特征分析及其与性征发育水平关联性初探

本研究采用分层随机整群抽样方法选取232名13—16岁在校中学生,进行问卷调查和体格检查,使用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定血清中18种PFASs含量,运用有序多分类Logistic回归分析PFASs暴露与性征发育水平的关联性.血清中共检出16种PFASs,其中有11种检出率大于60%.PFOA为主要污染物,占检出PFASs总含量的67.8%—97.7%,中位数为94.2 ng·mL~(-1).男生PFBA和PFHpA浓度高于女生,PFHpA和PFOA浓度随学生家庭至工厂距离增大而下降,P0.05,具有统计学意义.男生阴毛发育与PFOA、PFOS和PFNA有关,PFOA中低浓度组(Q_2)、PFOS中高浓度组(Q_3)、PFNA中高浓度组(Q_3)和高浓度组(Q_4)相对于各自低浓度组(Q_1)与男生阴毛发育负相关,OR(95%CI)分别为0.291(0.091—0.935)、0.214(0.065—0.701)、0.246(0.079—0.771)和0.197(0.058—0.666),P0.05.男生外生殖器发育与PFNA有关,中低浓度组(Q_2)和高浓度组(Q_4)相对于低浓度组(Q_1)与男生外生殖器发育呈负相关,OR(95%CI)分别为0.200(0.058—0.689)和0.179(0.047—0.682),P0.05.女生阴毛发育与PFHxS有关,中低浓度组(Q_2)相对于低浓度组(Q_1)与阴毛发育水平负相关,OR(95%CI)为0.360(0.138—0.938),P0.05.该地区青少年处于PFOA高暴露水平,部分PFASs与青少年性征发育负相关,可能对青春期性发育产生影响.     

苯酚降解菌UW7的鉴定及对苯酚的降解作用

从焦化厂污水处理曝气池泥样中分离出具有降解苯酚能力的UW7菌株,根据形态、生理生化性状初步鉴定为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter).该菌16S rRNA基因序列(在GenBank中的登录号为GU083586)与多株鲁氏不动杆菌(A.lowffii)的相似性在99%以上.结合形态、生理生化特性,鉴定UW7菌株为鲁氏不动杆菌(A.lowffii UW7),该种细菌具有降解苯酚的特性尚未见报道.该菌株降解苯酚的最适温度为30℃,最适生长pH 7.0,对2.5 g/L浓度的苯酚能够有效降解,对3.5～4.0 g/L浓度的苯酚有较强的耐受能力,是处理高浓度苯酚废水的良好菌种资源.     

水力负荷对矿化垃圾反应器处理渗滤液效果的影响

构建3个微曝气(0.1 L/min)矿化垃圾反应器进行渗滤液处理,研究较长时期内不同水力负荷对矿化垃圾处理渗滤液效果的影响。结果表明:随着水力负荷的增加,反应器对渗滤液中有机污染物和氮污染物的降解能力降低。在试验运行稳定阶段,水力负荷为28,42,56 L/(m3·d)时,COD平均去除率分别为88%、66%、56%;NH+4-N平均去除率分别为94%、90%、71%;TN平均去除率分别为52%、50%、45%。当水力负荷42 L/(m3·d)时出现NO-2-N累积现象,且水力负荷越大NO-2-N累积越严重。建议微曝气矿化垃圾反应器处理渗滤液过程中水力负荷不宜大于42 L/(m3·d)。     

中西部地区生态文明建设水平综合评价与空间分异研究

在遵循综合性、可比性、科学性、典型性、系统性和客观性原则基础上,构建了生态文明建设综合评价指标体系,使用2013年统计数据,对中西部地区生态文明建设状况进行综合评价和聚类分析.研究结果表明：中西部省份的生态文明建设情况可以划分为三种类型,即低度均衡型、相对薄弱型、相对均衡型;相比而言,在空间分布上,生态文明建设水平相对较好的省份大多位于中部地区;而生态文明建设水平相对较弱的省份大多位于西北部和南部地区.     

Ligand effects on arsenite removal by zero-valent iron/O2: Dissolution, corrosion, oxidation and coprecipitation

Ligands may increase the yields of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in zero-valent iron (ZVI)/O₂ systems. To clarify the relationship between the properties of ligands and their effects on the oxidative removal of contaminants, five common ligands (formate, acetate, oxalate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and phosphate) as well as acetylacetone (AA) were investigated with arsenite (As(III)) as the target contaminant at three initial pH values (3.0, 5.0, and 7.0). The addition of these ligands to the ZVI/O₂ system resulted in quite different effects on As(III) removal. EDTA enhanced the oxidation of As(III) to arsenate (As(V)) but inhibited the removal of As(V). Oxalate was the only ligand in this work that accelerated both the removal of As(III) and As(V). By analyzing the ligand effects from the four aspects: dissolution of surface iron (hydr)oxides, corrosion of ZVI, reaction with ROS, and interference with precipitation, the following properties of ligands were believed to be important: ability to provide dissociable protons, complexation ability with iron, and reactivity with ROS. The complexation ability is a double-edged sword. It could enhance the generation of ROS by reducing the reduction potential of the Fe(III)/Fe(II) redox couple, but also could inhibit the removal of arsenic by coprecipitation. The elucidated relationship between the key property parameters of ligands and their effects on the ZVI/O₂ system is helpful for the rational design of effective ZVI/ligand/O₂ systems.     

Reliability analysis of subsea blowout preventer control systems subjected to multiple error shocks

Two configurations of subsea blowout preventer (BOP) distributed control systems, which are triple modular redundancy (TMR) control system and double dual modular redundancy (DDMR) control system, are presented. With respect to common-cause failures, the performances of the two systems are evaluated by using Markov method with multiple error shock model. Due to the complexity, each system is split into three independent modules, and the corresponding Markov models are proposed subsequently. The probability of failure on demand, availability and reliability of the systems are evaluated by merging the independent Markov modules by Kronecker product approach. The results indicate that a same safety integrity level of SIL3 can be attained for the two configurations, which satisfies the requirement of subsea BOP control system, even though both of them have some advantages and shortcomings. In addition, for TMR control system, the effects of multiplicity distribution of multiple error shock and mean time to repair on reliability performances are studied.     

阳澄湖水质总氮浓度时空变化特征及影响因子分析

为了解阳澄湖水质总氮浓度时空分布特征,2015—2019年对阳澄湖水质总氮进行了逐月监测,并利用地理信息系统和卫星遥感反演等技术,对社会经济、七浦塘引水、水产养殖、重点工程、气象条件和水生植物等影响因素与总氮的关系进行了分析.结果表明:阳澄湖湖体总氮年均值为1.26～1.54mg/L,时空分布不均,时间上总氮浓度表现为...