Chemical and colloidal analyses of natural seep water collected from the exploratory studies facility inside Yucca Mountain,Nevada, USA

Yucca Mountain is being considered as a geological repository for the USA’s spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste. Numerous groundwater seeps appeared during March 2005 within the exploratory studies facility (ESF), a tunnel excavated in the mountain. Because of the relevance to radionuclide transport and unsaturated zone-modeling studies, we analyzed the seep samples for major anions and cations, rare earth elements, and colloids. Major ion species and elemental concentrations in seep samples reflect interaction of the water with the volcanic rock and secondary calcites. Elemental fractograms from flow-injection field-flow fractionation ICP–MS scans detected Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, I, Mg, Si, Sr, W, and U at void fractions, suggesting they may be present in the form of dissolved anions. Colloids approximately 10 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, possibly calcite, were also present in the seepage samples. Geochemical calculations indicate, however, these may be an artifact (not present in the groundwater) which arose because of loss of CO₂ during sample collection and storage.     

从造纸污泥中提取木质素制备缓蚀阻垢剂

以造纸污泥为原料,用碱溶酸析法提取其中的木质素,对木质素进行磺化改性后,与有机磷、锌盐等进行复配,以提高缓蚀阻垢效果。探讨了主原料配比、药剂投加量、反应温度、反应时间等对药剂性能的影响。结果表明:由该法制备的缓蚀阻垢剂性能较好,为造纸污泥的综合利用提供了一条新途径。     

Biological hydrogen production from organic wastewater by dark fermentation in China: Overview and prospects

Biological hydrogen production by dark fermentation is an important part of biological hydrogen production technologies. China is a typical developing country that heavily relies on fossil fuels; thus, new, clean, and sustainable energy development turns quite urgent. It is delightful that Chinese government has already drawn up several H₂ development policies since 1990s and provided financial aid to launch some H₂ development projects. In this paper, the research status on dark fermentative hydrogen production in China was summarized and analyzed. Subsequently, several new findings and achievements, with some of which transformed into scale-up tests, were highlighted. Moreover, some prospecting coupling processes with dark fermentation of hydrogen production were also proposed to attract more research interests in the future.     

Seasonal variation of nitrogen and phosphorus in Xiaojiang River—A tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir

A yearlong monitoring program in the backwater area of Xiaojiang River (XBA) was launched in order to investigate the eutrophication of backwater areas in tributaries of the Yangtze River in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China, starting after the impoundment water level of the TGR reached 156 m. From March 2007 to March 2008, the average concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were (1553±484) μg·L^?1 and (62±31) μg·L^?1, respectively. The mean value of chlorophyll was (9.07±0.91) μg·L^?1. The trophic level of XBA was meso-eutrophic, while the general nutrient limitation was phosphorus. The results indicated that XBA has a strong ability to purify itself and has non-point source pollution from terrestrial runoff. The variation of TN/TP ratio was caused by a variation in TN rather than in TP when TN/TP < 22. N-fixation from cyanobacteria occurred and became an important process in overcoming the nitrogen deficit under a low TN/TP ratio. When TN/TP ? 22, the variation of TP affected the TN/TP ratio more significantly than TN. The increase of TP in XBA was caused mainly by particulate phosphorus, which could originate from a non-point source as adsorptive inorganic forms after heavy rainfall and surface runoff. An increase in the river’s flow could also contribute to an unstable environment for the growth of phytoplankton.     

构建“水-煤-碳”体系 优化煤化工发展

分析了煤化工行业发展的现状及趋势,提出我国现代煤化工发展瓶颈主要是产业发展存在技术风险、产业发展与资源环境的矛盾突出及面临碳减排压力,并提出通过合理构建"水-煤-碳"三大约束指标体系,引导煤化工实现有序发展。     

化学还原法在Cr污染土壤修复中的应用

综述了Cr的地球化学特性和毒理学特性、化学还原反应机理和作用特点,分析了原位和异位化学还原法在Cr污染土壤修复中的应用,并对技术的工程实践提出建议.     

当前企业职工的违章心态及对策

分析指出了职工违章的心态 ,并提出了解决措施     

Determination of total volatile organic compound emissions from furniture polishes

In this study, an environmental test chamber with controlled temperature, relative humidity, and airflow rate was developed to evaluate emissions of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) from three different kinds of furniture polish. The time dependence of TVOC concentrations produced from the emissions of furniture polish products in the chamber was tested. TVOC emissions from each furniture polish were compared. The main volatile organic compounds emitted from each polish were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. A double-exponential equation was developed to evaluate the characteristics of emissions of TVOCs from these furniture polish products. With this double-exponential model, the physical processes of TVOC emissions can be explained. A variety of emission parameters can be calculated. These emission parameters could be used to estimate real indoor TVOC concentrations.     

矿产资源规划体系研究

本文就矿产资源规划体系进行了概括,认为树立开放的、动态的、持续发展的矿产资源安全观是矿产资源规划的前提。     

云山国家森林公园土壤动物资源生态特征

1998年5月至2001年5月对云山国家森林公园土壤动物资源进行了生态特征研究,共获得土壤动物9769个,隶属6门13纲31个类目。亚热带土壤动物的类群在这里几乎都有分布。其中优势类群为蜱螨目、弹尾目及线虫类3类;常见类群有膜翅类、双尾目、原尾目、线蚓类、双翅目5类;其余为稀有类群。通过与我国东西方向及其南北方向上典型土壤动物生态群落的分析比较,研究过程发现,受其地表生物多样性的影响,云山土壤动物资源种群丰富;原始群落结构完整;区系组成地带过渡性明显;山体顶部灌丛地段节肢动物有个体偏大的生态特征。研究结果表明:地处我国南岭、雪峰山及滇黔桂地区3种不同类型山系过渡地带的云山国家森林公园,作为自然保护区,不但是一个资源丰富的地表生物生态基因库,同时还是一个异常宝贵的地下生物生态基因库。