Antibiotic contamination in a typical water-rich city in southeast China: a concern for drinking water resource safety

Abstract

The occurrence and distribution in the aquatic environment of Nanjing of 49 antibiotics from seven therapeutic classes were investigated using an improved analytical method developed for multiclass target analysis. The results showed that these antibiotics are widely present in the water bodies of this city, with a total concentration of up to 1.958?μg L^?1. The most abundant class was tetracyclines, contributing 43.7% to the total antibiotic burden. Lincomycin was detected in all samples, and the detection rate of clindamycin was 90.5%. An exploratory analysis of the data points was performed by unsupervised pattern recognition (hierarchical cluster analysis, HCA) in an attempt to clarify the pollution level in different sampling areas, and robust cluster solutions grouped the data according to their different antibiotic contaminant profiles. The safety of drinking water resources was emphasized, and the rivers, as the main receiving water body for treated and untreated wastewater in this city, were more seriously contaminated than the surrounding lakes and reservoir, not only in concentration but also in detection frequency, in our study as well as in similar research studies. A correlation analysis between the presence of antibiotics and the environmental factors was conducted, and it was found that antibiotic contamination and water quality were closely connected; the better the water quality, the lower the antibiotic contamination. Positive correlations existed between the antibiotics and tested heavy metals, as well as between antibiotics and boron and arsenic. However, whether these correlations resulted from their reaction or a common source was difficult to determine, and the mechanism requires further exploration.     

Performance of Streptomyces pactum–assisted phytoextraction of Cd and Pb: in view of soil properties,element bioavailability,and phytoextraction indices

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microbe-assisted phytoremediation provides an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach to reclaim Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils. In this work,...     

Worldwide effects of non-native species on species–area relationships

Non-native species have invaded most parts of the world, and the invasion process is expected to continue and accelerate. Because many invading non-native species are likely to become permanent inhabitants, future consideration of species-area relationships (SARs) should account for non-native species, either separately or jointly with native species. If non-native species occupy unused niches and space in invaded areas and extinction rate of native species remains low (especially for plants), the resultant SARs (with both native and non-native species) will likely be stronger. We used published and newly compiled data (35 data sets worldwide) to examine how species invasions affect SARs across selected taxonomic groups and diverse ecosystems around the world. We first examined the SARs for native, non-native, and all species. We then investigated with linear regression analyses and paired or unpaired t tests how degree of invasion (proportion of non-native species) affected postinvasion SARs. Postinvasion SARs for all species (native plus non-native) became significantly stronger as degree of invasion increased (r² = 0.31, p = 0.0006), thus, reshaping SARs worldwide. Overall, native species still showed stronger and less variable SARs. Also, slopes for native species were steeper than for non-native species (0.298 vs. 0.153). There were some differences among non-native taxonomic groups in filling new niches (especially for birds) and between islands and mainland ecosystems. We also found evidence that invasions may increase equilibrial diversity. Study of such changing species–area curves may help determine the probability of future invasions and have practical implications for conservation.     

近30年来长江口北支及口外沉积特征及输移趋势

近30 a来长江口北支在自然和人类活动影响下，沉积物特征及输移趋势发生显著变化。研究基于2015年和20世纪80年代沉积物粒度调查资料，通过粒度对比、趋势分析等方法，探讨长江口北支及口外沉积特征与输移趋势。结果表明：长江口北支及口外沉积物类型以粘土质粉砂、砂质粉砂和砂为主，近30 a来平均中值粒径减小20%左右。其中，北支口内粒径减小约30%，表明北支口内整体为淤积环境；口外0~10 m水深区域粒径增加约25%，表现为风浪和潮流作用下的侵蚀特征；10 m水深外，粒径略有减小，沉积特征基本稳定。从沉积物输移趋势上看，北支崇头至灵甸港河段，沉积物较粗，以径流作用下的沉积为主；灵甸港至三条港河段，沉积物输移趋势向下指向三条港，其中灵甸港至三和港河段边滩粗、主槽细，径潮流交汇作用明显；三条港以下河段，沉积物以海域来沙为主，颗粒细，输移趋势指向上游；北支口外，0~10 m水深区域，沉积物粗化，沉积物随水深增加变细，其中0~2 m水深区域，砂含量占比超过90%；10 m以深离岸水域，沉积物输移趋势不显著。流域来沙减少和北支围垦工程建设，致使沿岸泥沙补给不足，口外浅滩泥沙在风浪和潮流作用下，一部分随涨潮流向口内输运，一部分随落潮流向外海扩散，构成北支及口外沉积物输移趋势格局。     

四川省土地承载力研究的系统动力学仿真模型

本文利用系统动力学理论,建立了四川省土地承载能力的动态仿真模型,模型中包括土地利用、人口、种植业、畜牧业、渔业等子系统,文中阐述了土地承载力模型的建立过程和方法,模拟了四川未来45年土地承载力系统的动态变化轨迹,提出了两种方案,并对其仿真结果进行了分析。     

1991年世界地震灾情及地震活动特征

为适应“国际减灾十年活动”的需要,系统整理了1991年世界地震灾情及重要地震。统计结果表明:全世界1991年全年因地震死亡人数为2084人,中国只有一人;受伤人数约6500人,中国将近700人;倒塌房屋约62万间。全年直接经济损失粗略估算,国外2.7～3.2亿美元,国内约3.3亿人民币。对1991年度地震活动特点进行了简要分析。     

管店岩体岩石谱系单位划分及其就位机制探讨

本文从宏观（结构、构造、接触关系）微观（岩石化学、微量元素、稀土元素、副矿物）对比出发，按国际地层指南的将课成岩体“属于地层学和地层划分的范畴”的思路，将管店岩体划分成石马凹单元、南封单元、小寺王单元和祝刘单元四个单元,合并成管店超单元。并对岩浆受构造应力驱使由南向北挤侵就位证据进行了探讨。     

基于激光快速成形技术的快速工/模具制造

概括了基于激光快速成形技术的快速工/模具制造的两种方法——间接法和直接法,对两种工/模具制造技术作了较具体的介绍,并分析了其特点.     

Farmers’ awareness of environmental protection and rural residential environment improvement: a case study of Sichuan province,China

Environment, Development and Sustainability - While most studies focus on the impact characteristics of farmers and family economic traits have on participation in rural environmental improvement,...     

Evolution and interaction of ecological civilization construction pattern from the perspective of path dependence–based on the panel data of Jiangsu Province,China

Environment, Development and Sustainability - Ecological civilization is an advanced form after industrial civilization. Improving China's ecological civilization system will provide developing...