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771.
为了揭示水盐梯度对河口湿地土壤水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性的影响,对闽江河口不同淹水环境和盐度下短叶茳芏(Cyperus malaccensis)湿地土壤水稳性团聚体进行了测定与分析.结果表明:①闽江河口半咸水湿地和淡水湿地0~30 cm土壤粉+黏团聚体、微团聚体和大团聚体的含量分别为63.12%~77.49%、6.82%~31.64%、4.38%~22.63%.除20~30 cm土层外,高潮滩0~20 cm土壤粉+黏团聚体和大团聚体含量均随盐度的增加而增加,增幅分别为8.74%~9.85%和105.54%~144.40%;0~20 cm土壤微团聚体含量均随盐度的增加而降低,高潮滩降幅为59.56%~65.20%,低潮滩降幅为55.65%~60.92%.②高潮滩土壤团聚体稳定性随盐度的增加而增加,盐度对微团聚体、大团聚体含量(DR_(0.25))和平均重量直径(MWD)的作用力在不同土层均影响显著,盐度和淹水的交互作用对各级土壤水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性的影响均不显著.③土壤团聚体稳定性与土壤TC含量呈倒"U"型关系.综上,淹水环境变化对土壤水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性的影响较小,盐度和有机碳含量是影响闽江河口湿地土壤水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性的重要限制性参数. 相似文献
772.
Guo Jin Ma Jun Shi Xuehua 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(2):251-256
To understand the water purification mechanism of potassium permanganate as a coagulation-aid during the preoxidation process,
the microtopography of its reductive products, the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide and the aged hydrous manganese dioxide,
was investigated. The morphology of natural organic matter (NOM) adsorbed by the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was
also compared with that of NOM alone. By using the tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), the observation results show
that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide possess a perforated sheet (with a thickness of 0–1.75 nm) as well as some
spherical particle structures compared with the hydrous manganese dioxide with 2 h aging time, which demonstrated that the
newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide had a large surface area and adsorption capacity. When 1 mmol/L newly formed hydrous
manganese dioxide was added, the microtopography of NOM molecules shifted from a loosely dispersed pancake shape (with adsorption
height of 5–8.5 nm) to a densely dispersed and uniform spherical structure. These results provide a valid proof that it is
the perfect adsorption capability of the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide that might result in the coagulation aid effect
of potassium permanganate preoxidation.
Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(5): 945–949 [译自: 环境科学] 相似文献
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774.
Skin cancers associated with ingesting of arsenic have been documented since the 19th century. A study in the southwestern coastal area of Taiwan where people drank well water containing arsenic is generally recognised as providing the best data available for quantifying the risk, and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) used these data to conduct a risk assessment of arsenic ingestion. However, the lowest exposure category in the Taiwan study included arsenic levels up to 290 µg L–1, which is nearly six times higher than the current EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL), 50 µg L–1. Therefore, the EPA risk assessment model extrapolated data on high-level exposures to generate risk estimates for low-level exposures. To evaluate the validity of this model, we conducted a quantitative review of epidemiological studies observing arsenic exposures below 290 µg L–1. A ratio of the likelihood of the EPA model being inappropriate to that of it being appropriate was calculated for each study population as a measurement of the validity of the EPA model. Although existing human data on low-level exposures are limited, the review suggested that the EPA model is unlikely to be able to predict the risk of skin cancer accurately when the arsenic exposure level is between 170 and 270 µg L–1. 相似文献
775.
土壤水分有效性研究综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文对土壤水分有效性的诸多方面,如田间持水量,凋萎湿度,土壤有效水量,土壤水分有效性的经典概念,土壤水分有效性的新概念,以及描述土壤水分有效性的评价标准和方法等,进行了介绍、评述和论述. 相似文献
776.
包埋固定化微生物法处理含油废水研究 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
本研究通过包埋固定化微生物法固定除油菌(Y1’菌),用于处理含油废水,并以水体中乳化油去除率为指标考察了影响乳化油降解的各种因素。选用聚乙烯醇(PVA)-海藻酸钠(SA)复配作为包埋固定化载体材料,制备成固定化微生物小球(IMB),通过实验优化了IMB制备的工艺条件。连续批次除油实验结果表明,在25-40℃,固液比1:10,HRT为6h的条件下,进水油含量在20—50mg/L,乳化油去除率可达85%-90%,出水油含量低于5mg/L。 相似文献
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780.
Evaluation of total volatile organic compound emissions from adhesives based on chamber tests 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Guo H Murray F Wilkinson S 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2000,50(2):199-206
In 1997, Homeswest in western Australia and Murdoch University developed a project to construct low-allergen houses (LAHs) in a newly developed suburb. Before the construction of LAHs, all potential volatile organic compound (VOC) emission materials used in LAHs are required to be measured to ensure that they are low total VOC (TVOC) emission materials. This program was developed based on this purpose. In recent times, the number of complaints about indoor air pollution caused by VOCs has increased. A number of surveys of indoor VOCs have indicated that many indoor materials contribute to indoor air pollution. Although some studies have been conducted on the characteristics of VOC emissions from adhesives, most of them were focused on VOC emissions from floor adhesives. Few measurements of VOC emissions from adhesives used for wood, fabrics, and leather are available. Furthermore, most research on VOC emissions from adhesives has been done in countries with cool climates, where ventilation rates in the indoor environment are lower than those in Mediterranean climates, due to energy conservation. VOCs emitted from adhesives have not been sufficiently researched to prepare an emission inventory to predict indoor air quality and to determine both exposure levels for the Australian population and the most appropriate strategies to reduce exposure. An environmental test chamber with controlled temperature, relative humidity, and airflow rate was used to evaluate emissions of TVOCs from three adhesives used frequently in Australia. The quantity of TVOC emissions was measured by a gas chromatography/flame ionization detector. The primary VOCs emitted from each adhesive were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The temporal change of TVOC concentrations emitted from each adhesive was tested. A double-exponential equation was then developed to evaluate the characteristics of TVOC emissions from these three adhesives. With this double-exponential model, the physical processes of TVOC emissions can be explained, and a variety of emission parameters can be calculated. These emission parameters could be used to estimate real indoor TVOC concentrations in Mediterranean climates. 相似文献