发酵液回流对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的影响

针对厌氧发酵液回流可提高厌氧系统性能,而不适的回流比例又会造成系统酸化的现象,采用单相连续反应器研究了发酵液回流及不同回流比对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化过程的影响。结果表明:在1 gVS/L的有机负荷下进行三种比例(10%、30%、50%)的发酵液回流使系统日平均产气量比不回流阶段分别提高0.7%、13.0%、4.9%,且对气体甲烷含量无显著影响。回流使VFA降解更充分,也使系统缓冲能力得到调节,但在较高的回流比(50%)下会造成Na+积累从而抑制系统产气性能。     

扎龙湿地龙湖重金属污染情况及其潜在生态风险评价

为了探讨龙湖中重金属污染情况,测定了龙湖中9个取样点的重金属元素含量,并从中选取Mn、Cu、Pb、As 4种重金属元素进行水质评价。通过灰色关联评价分析,所采集的9个样点中有8个样点都属于Ⅴ类水质、1个样点属于Ⅳ水质。采用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对龙湖沉积物进行重金属潜在生态风险评价分析,4种重金属的潜在风险顺序为Cu>As>Pb>Mn,其中每个样点的Cu元素都达到了极强的潜在生态危害,As元素的潜在生态危害程度都达到了强度生态危害。     

旋流板塔及其在废气处理中的应用

简述了旋流板塔原理、结构、设计参数，并列举了该塔在ＮＯｘ、有机废气、ＨＣｌ、燃油炉烟等方面治理工程应用实例。     

环境管理理论基础的思考

阐述了环境管理学的理论基础,包括人地关系、管理学、生态学、经济学、生态经济学、法学、环境伦理学和教育学理论。     

臭氧-活性炭技术处理炼化企业RO浓水

采用臭氧-活性炭技术对炼化企业RO浓水进行实验研究。通过研究该废水在不同pH、臭氧投加量、臭氧接触时间、投加催化剂、活性碳吸附时间和活性碳投加量条件下RO浓水中COD的去除效果,确定臭氧-活性炭工艺处理炼化企业RO浓水的工艺参数。结果表明:在pH为8,臭氧投加量为75 mg/L,臭氧接触时间为5 min,催化剂KMnO4的投加量为35 mg,活性炭吸附时间为150 min,活性炭投加量为4 g/L时,臭氧-活性炭技术对RO浓水中COD处理效果达到最佳,总去除率为58%。     

榆神矿区矿井水零排放可行性分析

针对榆神矿区给排水现状,分析矿区给排水关系和矿井水的利用途径,并提出矿井水零排放的技术、管理对策,达到减少新水索取,实现零排放.     

电子政务工程项目档案管理的思考与实践

项目档案管理对于电子政务工程项目的成功实施具有十分重要的意义。通过对电子政务工程项目档案特性的分析,探讨了当前项目档案管理中存在的问题,提出了加强档案管理的措施和建议。并以国家环境信息与统计能力建设项目为例,对项目档案管理流程、手段和要求做了详细论述,为电子政务工程项目档案管理提供了有益的经验借鉴。     

对产生环境问题的根源探析

从多维、多学科的视角，就环境问题产生的原因进行了比较系统，全面的研究和探讨。具体包括环境问题产生的哲学根源、宗教根源、伦理根源、技术根源和经济根源。从表面上看，环境问题是一个技术问题、经济问题；但从深层次考察，环境问题则也是哲学问题、宗教问题和伦理问题。环境问题的根本解决，不仅有赖于技术进步和经济法律制度的变革，更有赖于人类文明的转型和伦理观念的觉悟。     

Kinetic studies on the adsorption of phenol, 4-chlorophenol,and 2,4-dichlorophenol from water using activated carbons

This study uses rate parameters in pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) equations (k₁ and k₂q_e, respectively) to judge the extent for approaching equilibrium in an adsorption process. Out of fifty-six systems collected from the literature, the adsorption processes with a k₂q_e value between 0.1 and 0.8 min^?1 account for as much as 70% of the total. These are classified as fast processes. This work compares the validity of PFO and PSO equations for the adsorption of phenol, 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) on activated carbons prepared from pistachio shells at different NaOH/char ratios. The activated carbons, recognized as microporous materials, had a surface area ranging from 939 to 1936 m²/g. Findings show that the adsorption of phenol, 4-CP, and 2,4-DCP on activated carbons had a k₂q_e value of 0.15–0.58 min^?1, reflecting the fast process. Evaluating the operating time by rate parameters revealed that k₂q_e was 1.6–1.8 times larger than k₁. These findings demonstrate the significance of using an appropriate kinetic equation for adsorption process design.     

Efficient adsorption of Mn(Ⅱ) by layered double hydroxides intercalated with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and the mechanistic study

In this study, greatly enhanced Mn(II) adsorption was achieved by as-synthesized diethylenetriaminepentaacetate acid intercalated Mg/Al layered double hydroxides(LDHsDTPA). The adsorption capacity of LDHs-DTPA was 83.5 mg/g, which is much higher than that of LDHs-EDTA(44.4 mg/g), LDHs-Oxalate(21.6 mg/g) and LDHs(28.8 mg/g). The adsorption data of aqueous Mn(II) using LDHs-DTPA could be well described by the pseudosecond order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamics study results also showed that the adsorption process of Mn(II) by LDHs-DTPA was exothermic as indicated by the negative ΔH value. Furthermore, based on the structural, morphological and thermostable features, as well as FT-IR and XPS characterizations of LDHs-DTPA and the pristine LDHs, the adsorption mechanism of Mn(II) was proposed. The carboxyl groups of DTPA were proposed to be the main binding sites for Mn(II), and the hydroxyl groups of LDHs also played a minor role in the adsorption process. Among the three common regeneration reagents, 0.1 mol/L Na_2CO_3 was the best for reusing LDHs-DTPA in Mn(II)adsorption. Besides, the Mn(II) adsorption performance could be hindered in the presence of typical inorganic ions, especially cations. Further specific modifications of LDHs-DTPA are suggested to get more selective adsorption of Mn(II) in practical applications.