超声萃取-高效液相色谱法测定土壤中苯并[a]芘研究

采用超声萃取-高效液相色谱荧光检测法对土壤中苯并[a]芘含量进行定性、定量分析.土壤样品用正己烷/二氯甲烷(1+1)超声萃取,萃取液经硅胶柱或佛罗里硅土柱净化浓缩定容,乙腈-水为流动相,线性梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,荧光检测器激发波长为280 nm,发射波长为420 nm,外标法峰面积定量.结果显示:该方法检出限低,苯并[a]芘的检出限为0.15μg/kg.这种方法具有很好的精密度,相对标准偏差为3.9%~8.4%.实际水样加标回收率范围在72.5%~85.8%.能够满足土壤的监测要求.     

互相关算法在次声监测数据处理中的应用

次声监测数据处理技术是我国履行全面禁止核试验条约必备技术之一。重点介绍逐次多通道互相关(PMCC)算法原理、处理流程以及与之相关的数据处理系统,并利用典型次声事件进行了实验研究。结果表明PMCC在处理次声监测数据方面具有优异性能。     

贵阳市空气中PM2.5/PM10时空分布特征研究

利用2013年贵阳市10个国控监测站点PM2.5和PM10全年(2013年1月1日00时-2013年12月31日23时)实时同步质量浓度监测资料,取24小时滑动平均,研究PM2.5和PM10质量浓度比值(PM2.5/PM10)的时间、空间分布特征及二者质量浓度的相关性.结果表明:2013年贵阳市PM2.5/PM10的年均值为0.64,春、夏、秋和冬季的平均值分别为0.64、0.49、0.66和0.77.PM2.5/PM10四季有较大差异,冬季比值最高,夏季最低,春、秋两季相当;由于所代表的功能区及环境位置特点不同,各监测点同时刻的PM2.5和PM10浓度值有较大差异,但PM2.5/PM10的空间分布没有明显差异;对PM2.5和PM10浓度值进行回归分析,当PM10浓度增大时,PM2.5整体呈增大趋势.     

Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)对生物脱氮系统的影响

Cu2+和Zn2+是污水处理工艺中经常遇到的金属离子.在驯化好的活性污泥系统中,研究了金属离子Cu2+和Zn2+在0～100 mg/L浓度下对活性污泥牛物脱氮系统的影响.试验发现Cu2+＞5 mg/L、Zn2+＞30 ms/L时,对硝化过程具有明显的抑制作用,在同样浓度的试验条件下Cu2+对硝化过程的抑制作用比Zn2+大.Cu2+≤0.5 mg/L时对反硝化过程具有一定的促进作用,有助于提高TN的去除效果;Cu2+＞0.5 mg/L时,对反硝化产牛抑制作用,随着浓度的增加,TN去除率逐渐下降.Zn2+不影响反硝化过程,仅在大于30 mg/L时,对硝化过程产生抑制作用.重金属Cu2+对生物脱氮系统的影响明显强于Zn2+.     

Cu^2＋、Zn^2＋对生物脱氮系统的影响

Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋是污水处理工艺中经常遇到的金属离子。在驯化好的活性污泥系统中,研究了金属离子Cu^2＋和Zn^2＋在0～100mg／L浓度下对活性污泥生物脱氮系统的影响。试验发现Cu^2＋＞5mg／L、Zn^2＋＞30mg／L时,对硝化过程具有明显的抑制作用,在同样浓度的试验条件下cu“对硝化过程的抑制作用比Zn^2＋大。Cu^2＋≤0．5mg／L时对反硝化过程具有一定的促进作用,有助于提高TN的去除效果;Cu^2＋＞0．5mg／L时,对反硝化产生抑制作用,随着浓度的增加,TN去除率逐渐下降。Zn^2＋不影响反硝化过程,仅在大于30mg／L时,对硝化过程产生抑制作用。重金属Cu^2＋对生物脱氮系统的影响明显强于Zn^2＋。     

电催化氧化技术处理制革综合废水

选择DSA电极中的钛基掺硼金钢石膜电极(Ti/BDD),用于制革综合废水的电催化氧化处理研究,考察了在不同的电流密度、电压、电解质、pH值和电解时间等因素对COD去除率和电流效率的影响。结果表明,控制电流密度为30mA/cm2,电压为8.0 V,电解质(NaCl)浓度为2.0 g/L,pH为4.0,电催化氧化处理2 h后,废水的COD和NH4+-N的去除率分别达到了83.6%和90.3%,BOD/COD为0.45,比能耗为35.34 kWh/kg COD,电流效率为37%。     

An integrated method for removal of harmful cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic lakes

As the eutrophication of lakes becomes an increasingly widespread phenomenon, cyanobacterial blooms are occurring in many countries. Although some research has been reported, there is currently no good method for bloom removal. We propose here a new two-step integrated approach to resolve this problem. The first step is the inactivation of the cyanobacteria via the addition of H(2)O(2). We found 60 mg/L was the lowest effective dose for a cyanobacterial concentration corresponding to 100 μg/L chlorophyll-a. The second step is the flocculation and sedimentation of the inactivated cyanobacteria. We found the addition of lake sediment clay (2 g/L) plus polymeric ferric sulfate (20 mg/L) effectively deposited them on the lake bottom. Since algaecides and flocculants had been used separately in previous reports, we innovatively combined these two types of reagents to remove blooms from the lake surface and to improve the dissolved oxygen content of lake sediments.     

系统工程方法建设应急救援平台的探讨

功能全面、实用高效的应急救援平台是实施科学、有效的应急救援的基础之一,也是一个复杂的人、机、信息综合系统,系统工程的分析方法及思想对指导应急救援平台的建设具有较强的针对性和指导意义.在分析了国内外应急救援平台的现状并明确了其功能、要求后,运用系统工程方法从应急救援方式、设备、人员、信息系统、移动平台5个方面进行了分析和...     

An observational study of the HONO–NO2 coupling at an urban site in Guangzhou City,South China

The temporal behavior of HONO and NO₂ was investigated at an urban site in Guangzhou city, China, by means of a DOAS system during the Pearl River Delta 2006 intensive campaign from 10 to 24 July 2006. Within the whole measurement period, unexpected high HONO mixing ratios up to 2 ppb were observed even during the day. A nocturnal maximum concentration of about 8.43 ± 0.4 ppb was detected on the night of 24 July 2006. Combining the data simultaneously observed by different instruments, the coupling of HONO–NO₂ and the possible formation sources of HONO are discussed. During the measurement period, concentration ratios of HONO to NO₂ ranged from (0.03 ± 0.1) to (0.37 ± 0.09), which is significantly higher than previously reported values (0.01–0.1). Surprisingly, in most cases a strong daytime correlation between HONO and NO₂ was found, contrary to previous observations in China. Aerosol was found to have a minor impact on HONO formation during the whole measurement period. Using a pseudo steady state approach for interpreting the nocturnal conversion of NO₂ to HONO suggests a non-negligible role of the relative humidity for the heterogeneous HONO formation from NO₂.