石家庄城市地表灰尘中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源

采用高效液相色谱法,对2017年2月12~19日所采集的石家庄市64个地表灰尘样品中16种优先控制的多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量和组分特征进行分析,并运用比值法和主成分因子载荷法揭示其污染来源。结果表明,16种PAHs的总量(Σ16PAHs)范围为0.897~81.458 mg/kg,平均值为8.138 mg/kg,其中Fla的含量最高为1.136 mg/kg,Flu最低为0.129 mg/kg,强致癌物质Bap为0.567 mg/kg。7种致癌多环芳烃(Σ7CPAHs)的含量范围为0.213~43.690 mg/kg,平均值为3.402 mg/kg,占Σ16PAHs的41.80%。与国内外其他城市相比,石家庄城市地表灰尘中PAHs含量处于较高水平,且以4环为主。来源分析结果表明,石家庄市地表灰尘中PAHs主要来源于化石燃料的燃烧,以石油燃烧为主,其方差贡献率为69.30%,柴油燃烧和石油泄漏的方差贡献率分别为8.67%和7.43%。由石家庄灰尘中PAHs的空间分布分析得出交通源对石家庄二环内冬季灰尘中PAHs贡献显著。     

城镇油气管道事故应急疏散决策优化

为实现油气管道事故中城镇大规模应急疏散的智慧决策,构建基于改进的自适应蚁群算法的应急疏散路径优化模型,开发基于油气管道典型事故后果分析的城镇大规模应急疏散决策优化系统平台(LSSED)。LSSED在地理信息系统平台上,针对油气管道泄漏引起的扩散、喷射火、池火、BLEVE、蒸气云爆炸等典型事故进行事故后果分析,对疏散通道当量长度和疏散时间成本函数进行定量评价,实现大规模应急疏散方案的智慧决策和避难方案的全局优化。案例分析表明,LSSED平台实现了基于地理信息系统的典型事故时变环境信息和应急疏散路径优化算法的数据传递及系统集成,实现了基于事故后果分析的城镇大规模人群疏散路径和避难方案优化,可为城镇安全规划和应急管理提供参考和借鉴。     

Hydrothermal solidification behavior of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash without any additives

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash could be solidified with and without slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) addition by a hydrothermal method under steam pressure of 1.56 MPa at 200 °C for up to 72 h. Experimental results showed that CSH gel or tobermorite exerted a main influence on strength development, and without any additives CSH gel was easy to form, while slaked lime addition favored to form tobermorite. Tobermorite seemed to exert a larger effect on the strength development than CSH gel. Leaching results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals dissolved from the solidified specimens were effectively reduced after hydrothermal processing. The immobilization was mainly due to the tobermorite or CSH gel formation, and Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ seemed to be fixed more readily than Cr⁶⁺, which might be the reason that the structural Ca²⁺ within tobermorite or CSH gel was exchanged by Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ more easily than Cr⁶⁺. In addition, there existed a close relationship between leaching concentration and strength enhancement, and a higher strength seemed to exert a larger effect on immobilization of heavy metals.     

Past, Status Quo and Future of China’s Territorial Planning

Since 1949, China has witnessed four development stages of territorial planning. （1） In the 1950s the territorial planning got its start. （2） From the 1960s to 1970s territorial planning declined. （3） From, the 1980s to 1990s the first major tide of territorial planning began. （4） From the end of the 1990s to recent times the new round of territorial planning is under deliberation. Since 1998, the Ministry of Land and Resources has carried out some related work, especially in organizing pilot projects, and early research on the new round of national territorial planning. According to the need for economic and social development and the current conditions in China, it is the appropriate for China to carry out the new round of territorial planning. However, the government should correctly consider the correlations between territorial planning and other plan- nings, and take appropriate development action, e.g. stressing main points for the basis of overall planning, building a territorial planning system that coordinate with national conditions, strengthening research on various supportive measures of territorial planning, summarizing and upgrading experiences obtained in pilot projects, strengthening international exchange and training talented personnel.     

Synthesis and characterization of zeolites NaA and NaX from coal gangue

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Zeolites NaA and NaX were synthesized from initial coal gangue (milled sample) and pretreated coal gangue (calcinated and acid immersed sample) by...     

双齿许水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus dubia)对亚热带虾池Cu和Zn的富集

重金属污染是对虾养殖环境主要污染现象之一,查明重金属在环境中的迁移规律对养殖水质调控和对虾健康养殖具有重要意义.本文采用火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定在不同暴露时间下双齿许水蚤(Pseudodiaptomusdubia)对Cu和Zn的富集量,研究了双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn富集动力学,并探讨了温度和盐度对其富集的影响.结果表明:双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn的富集过程均经历了快速、慢速和平衡3个阶段,实验24h达到富集平衡;双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn的富集动力学参数k1(Cu)=0.077＜k1(zn)=0272,BCF(cu)=0.344＜BCFZn)=2.252,双齿许水蚤对Zn的富集速率和富集能力均大于Cu.温度对双齿许水蚤Cu和Zn富集的影响显著(p＜0.05),最适温度范围为15 ～30℃;盐度对双齿许水蚤Zn富集的影响极显著(p＜0.01),而对Cu富集的影响不显著(p＞0.05),对Cu和Zn适宜的富集盐度范围为10 ～35.这些研究结果说明,双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn均具有较强的富集能力,在对虾养殖期间,应通过循环过滤设施去除受到重金属污染池塘中的浮游动物,减少幼虾对其摄食和虾体中重金属的积累量,从而降低食品安全隐患.     

煤矸石堆放对土壤环境PAHs污染的影响

为探讨煤矸石堆放对土壤环境的有机污染效应,以典型煤矸石区——平煤十二矿为例,利用GC-MS技术对煤矸石、表层土壤及降尘样品中多环芳烃(PAHs)含量及化学组成特征进行了检测,将PAHs空间分布、环数分布、优势组成与分子标志物参数相结合,定性剖析了煤矸石堆放对表层土壤PAHs污染的贡献.煤矸石、降尘和土壤表层中PAHs综合分析表明,煤矸石堆积区表层土壤US EPA 16种优控PAHs(PHA₁₆)总量为0.94~5.66 μg·g^-1,属严重污染;表层土壤PAH₁₆总量与煤矸石山距离呈负相关关系;煤矸石、降尘及表层土壤中PAHs均为富3环特征,以菲、苯并荧蒽、、荧蒽及芘为优势组成;煤矸石扬尘直降、煤矸石燃烧、原煤煤尘降落和燃烧对土壤环境PAHs均有输入,但近源区煤矸石扬尘直降贡献明显,煤矸石扬尘使煤矿区土壤环境中PAHs污染具有面源贡献的特点,应引起重视.     

Porous FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08：Highly efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of Methylene Blue under visible-light illumination

Porous S-doped bismuth vanadate with an olive-like morphology and its supported iron oxide （y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08, y = 0.06, 0.76, and 1.40） photocatalysts were fabricated using the dodecylamine-assisted alcohol-hydrothermal and incipient wetness impregnation methods, respectively. It is shown that the y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08 photocatalysts contained a monoclinic scheetlite BiVO4 phase with a porous olive-like morphology, a surface area of 8.8-9.2 m^2/g, and a bandgap energy of 2.38-2.42 eV. There was co-presence of surface Bi^5＋, Bi^3＋, V^5＋, V^3＋, Fe^3＋, and Fe^2＋ species in y wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08. The 1.40 wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08 sample performed the best for Methylene Blue degradation under visible-light illumination. The photocatalytic mechanism was also discussed. We believe that the sulfur and FeOx co-doping, higher oxygen adspecies concentration, and lower baudgap energy were responsible for the excellent visible-light-driven catalytic activity of 1.40 wt.% FeOx/BiVO4-δS0.08.     

太湖区域13种磺酰脲类除草剂污染特征

为了解太湖区域磺酰脲类除草剂污染水平、空间分布,作者于2019年10月对太湖及主要入湖河道开展了13种磺酰脲类除草剂监测分析,采用在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱联用三重四级杆质谱法,对采集的55个地表水样进行了分析测定.结果 显示,磺酰脲类除草剂在太湖和22条入湖河道中站点检出率分别为100％、90.9％,检出种类为7种、8种,浓度总值为1.69～38.1 ng/L、ND～70.7 ng/L;若以农产品中最大残留量的1％作为地表水中磺酰脲类除草剂限值(500ng/L～1 μg/L)参考,污染水平总体不高;甲磺隆(浓度范围ND～50.64 ng/L,检出率94.5％)和苄嘧磺隆(浓度范围ND～12.8 ng/L,检出率92.7％)残留最高、分布最广,氯嘧磺隆和烟嘧磺隆其次,浓度合计占总值85％以上.受区域农业种植面积及种类、河道流向和水量影响,宜兴市入湖河道污染水平高于其他地区,并社渎港最高;太湖西北部竺山湖、西部沿岸区污染相对较重,并呈向东南递减趋势.     

Soil contamination with antibiotics in a typical peri-urban area in eastern China: Seasonal variation, risk assessment, and microbial responses

The prevalence and persistence of antibiotics in soils has become an emerging environmental issue and an increasing threat to soil security and global public health. The problem is more severe in areas undergoing rapid urbanization; however, the ecological risks of antibiotics, seasonal variability, and associated soil microbial responses in peri-urban soils have not been well-explored. The seasonal soil sampling campaigns were conducted in a typical peri-urban watershed in eastern China to investigate distribution of antibiotics. The results demonstrated higher mean concentrations of most antibiotic compounds in winter than in summer in peri-urban soils. The seasonal variations of norfloxacin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were more significant than those of other antibiotics, due to their higher migration ability and bioavailability. An ecological risk assessment demonstrated that chlortetracycline, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, and ofloxacin can pose high risks to soil microorganisms. Furthermore, the coexistence of multiple antibiotics obviously poses higher risks than individual compounds. A redundancy analysis demonstrated that tetracyclines mainly showed negative correlations with Firmicutes and Chloroflexi, and quinolones showed obviously negative correlations with Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Nitrospirae, suggesting potential inhibition from antibiotics on biological activities or biodegradation processes. However, the persistence of antibiotics in soil results in a significant decrease in bacterial diversity and a change in dominant species. Our results provide an overview of the seasonal variability of antibiotics and the associated effects on bacterial communities in peri-urban soils. The results can provide scientific guidance on decreasing soil contamination with antibiotics to enhance soil security in similar areas.