海藻酸钙凝胶固定化活性污泥反应器处理丙酮废气稳态模型的研究

建立了海藻酸钙凝胶固定化活性污泥反应器处理丙酮废气的数学模型,引入颗粒调整系数的概念以解决模型假设与真实情况的差异.在流量为1 100 mL/min、反应器进口丙酮质量浓度为3 051 mg/m3时,测定4个采样口和出气口的丙酮浓度,对反应器模型参数进行了校正,得到微生物最大比生长速率为4.17×10-5 mg/(mg·s),丙酮半饱和常数为76 900 mg/m3,氧气半饱和常数为273 mg/m3,颗粒调整系数为195,丙酮分配系数为0.002 4.随后引入蒂勒模数、有效系数等表征传质阻力和反应动力学的物理量,对反应器和固定化活性污泥颗粒的传质阻力和动力学进行了计算和讨论.     

Removal of antimonite and antimonate from water using Fe-based metal-organic frameworks: The relationship between framework structure and adsorption performance

We investigated the adsorption performance of five Fe-based MOFs (Fe-BTC, MIL-100(Fe), MIL-101(Fe), MIL-53(Fe) and MIL-88C(Fe)) for removal of antimonite (Sb(III)) and antimonate (Sb(V)) from water. Among these MOFs, MIL-101(Fe) exhibited the best adsorption capacities for both Sb(III) and Sb(V) (151.8 and 472.8 mg/g, respectively) which were higher than those of most adsorbents previously reported. The effect of steric hindrance was evident during Sb removal using the Fe-based MOFs, and the proper diameter of the smallest cage windows/channels should be considered an important parameter during the evaluation and selection of MOFs. Additionally, the adsorption capacities of MIL-101(Fe) for Sb(V) decreased with increasing initial pH values (from 3.0 to 8.0), while the opposite trend was observed for Sb(III). Chloride, nitrate and sulfate ions had a negligible influence on Sb(V) adsorption, while NO₃^? and SO₄^2? improved Sb(III) adsorption. This result implies that inner sphere complexes might form during both Sb(III) and Sb(V) adsorption.     

Sustainable oil-in-water analysis using a supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction system directly interfaced with infrared spectroscopy

A direct aqueous supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) system using carbon dioxide provides a sustainable means by which a vast range of industries may continue to depend on well established infrared (IR) techniques to determine oil-in-water. The SFE-IR method provides an environmentally friendly substitute for current national standard IR reference methods for measuring oil-in-water that rely on using increasingly restricted ozone depleting solvents whose manufacture is being phased out in accordance with international law. The SFE-IR analysis of a 500 mL water sample can be accomplished in 15 min. A rapid on-line SFE-IR calibration method has been implemented. With this calibration method, SFE-IR accuracy for determining diesel oil in 500 mL spiked water samples using single wave number measurement was 86.0%–98.8% with precision (RSD) ranging from 2.5%–7.0%. Using a general purpose calculation which involves measuring infrared absorbance values at three di erent wave numbers, SFE-IR method accuracy for determining diesel oil in 500 mL spiked water samples was 83.7%–92.2% with RSD 1.0%–9.3%. Data is presented that indicates current long established national standard IR reference methods involving three wave number calculations should be reviewed since, without careful consideration, the inclusion of calculated aromatic hydrocarbon species contributions to final oil-in-water concentration values may provide less accurate results.     

水利项目环境影响综合评价

文章研究了模糊综合评价法在水利建设项目综合环境影响评价中的应用,以某水利工程为例建立了项目环境影响评价的指标体系,并对项目环境影响进行了综合评价,同时将建设项目环保措施的落实程度进行环境影响程度对比分析。结果表明,模糊综合评价方法是一种科学合理、简单可行的环境影响评价方法,可以在水利建设项目的环境影响评价中应用推广;同...     

装甲车辆环境适应性论证与试验决策支持系统的初步构想

从装甲车辆环境适应性论证与试验决策需求出发,讨论了决策支持系统组成架构,提出了决策支持系统的基本功能,分析比较了决策支持系统与传统的信息处理系统之间的差异,在明确决策支持系统的基本特征的基础上,粗线条勾画了决策支持系统的基本方案。     

竹炭净化文物保存微环境空气低浓度氮氧化物

围绕竹炭对低浓度氮氧化物的净化效果展开研究,测定了不同NOx浓度、不同流量、不同湿度条件、不同竹炭量对低浓度氮氧化物的净化效果;研究了表面改性生物质的净化效果。结果表明：选用3g以上竹炭,在湿度〈20％,流量控制在1—1．5L／min的情况下对低浓度（150ppb）氮氧化物具有最佳的净化效果;流量控制在2L／min以下（停留时间为1．5s以上）,竹炭对NO2净化效果变化不大;活化剂改性和对竹炭进行超声处理后,生物质对NO净化效果有明显的提高作用。     

国控重点污染源监督监测数据QA/QC量化评估体系探讨

阐述了建立国控重点污染源监督监测数据质量QA/QC量化评估体系的重要性和迫切性,从国控污染源QA/QC量化评估体系建设的基本思路、量化评估指标的组成、量化评估指标的权重及QL阈值等方面,对国控重点污染源监督监测数据质量QA/QC量化评价体系的建立进行探讨。     

抚仙湖流域主要生态安全问题识别

对抚仙湖的水质污染、水环境安全、生物多样性环境安全、湖泊湿地与环境安全、水资源4方面进行了安全问题识别,在此基础上开展抚仙湖生态资源环境安全问题识别,包括农业耕作土污染的环境安全问题、土壤侵蚀（水土流失）环境安全问题。结果表明：抚仙湖的生态安全面临一定的威胁,必须采取有效措施,切实解决生态环境问题,维护湖泊生态安全。     

基于生态环境安全的区域规划战略环评初探

围绕区域规划战略环评的地位、实施现状及主要存在问题,建立了基于生态环境安全的区域规划战略环评的指标体系,探讨了“环境库兹涅茨曲线”和“压力一状态一响应”的评价技术方法,对构筑产业生态链、强化不确定性分析、重视累积影响评价等方面提出了建议。     

办公室内可吸入颗粒物污染初析

测定了普通办公室内空气中可吸入颗粒物的质量浓度，分析了粒径分布，并考察了吸烟对可吸入颗粒物污染的影响，研究表明，办公室内可吸入颗粒以细颗粒为主，ＰＭ〈７．０μｍ的颗粒物占９５％以主，ＰＭ〈１．１μｍ的颗粒物占５０￣７０％，吸烟和室外大气可吸入颗粒物的污染是普通办公室内窃据中可吸入颗粒物污染的重要来源。