水环境质量评价的可视化系统研究

以河南省安阳市境内3条水系为例,提出了实现水环境质量评价的计算机图形可视化的技术路线和系统设计方案。深入探讨了实现河流水系的动态控制和交互处理的可能性。通过形象直观的计算机动态图形画面,再现了河流水质的现在和将来。      

Outdoor air pollution exposure and the risk of asthma and wheezing in the offspring

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - According to the “fetal origin of disease” hypothesis, air pollution exposure in pregnancy may play an important role in stimulating the...     

景区夜游密集人群踩踏事件情景下脆弱性分析

为深入分析城市景区夜游密集人群易发生踩踏事件的脆弱性成因问题,运用人—环境耦合系统全面分析人群脆弱性模型三因子:暴露性、敏感性和适应性.依据现行标准规范与调查问卷筛选脆弱性指标,在博弈思想组合主客观权重的基础上,构建组合赋权-云模型的脆弱性综合评价模型.以大雁塔休闲旅游景区为实例,运用云算法得到各层指标的评价云图,与标...     

长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区鱼类产卵场功能现状分析及保护启示

长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区具有开放性、跨界性和范围模糊性等特征,随着所在区域对岸线资源的开发利用,保护区鱼类产卵场功能退化严重。基于对保护区保护针对性及有效性地提升,选择长江宜宾段36个产卵场为切入点,采取实地勘察、走访的方式开展调查,全面梳理了产卵场河段及岸线利用现状、产卵鱼类现状及产卵场面临问题等,并对产卵场功能现状进行划分。结果表明:功能良好和功能一般的特有珍稀鱼类产卵场仅占调查总数的33.3%,功能部分退化、严重退化的产卵场占61%,保护区产卵场功能的整体退化已成为不争的事实。面向产卵场及保护区的未来发展,论文提出开展系统性调查研究、科学认识保护对象的资源现状,处理好发展与保护的关系、提升岸线资源利用持续性,设置独立性管理主体、增强监管时效性等政策启示。     

高层建筑电气火灾隐患因子定量分析方法研究

为了对高层建筑电气火灾隐患排查进行定量化分析,采用解释结构模型构建高层建筑电气火灾隐患因子的复杂逻辑模型;在利用德尔菲法确定隐患因子初始概率的基础上,经过交叉影响分析法求解交叉影响概率矩阵;引入马尔科夫链修正各隐患因子交叉影响后的概率,得到火灾隐患因子的稳态概率矩阵。研究结果表明:各隐患因子的马尔科夫链校正概率比德尔菲法测定的初始概率更加准确,该计算排序结果可明确高层电气火灾隐患排查和管控的重点。     

南昌市街道灰尘重金属时空分布特征及健康风险评估

分析了南昌市夏季和冬季街道104个灰尘样品中的V、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb含量,并利用地积累指数（Igeo）计算其污染程度,并参考美国国家环保局(US EPA)推荐的健康风险模型评价灰尘重金属暴露的人体致癌和非致癌风险,通过主成分和相关分析识别南昌市灰尘重金属的可能来源。结果表明：南昌市街道灰尘中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb含量均显著高于江西省土壤背景值,而V、Co和As含量与江西省土壤背景值含量相近。重金属V、Co和As含量无显著季节差异,但冬夏季节含量的空间异质性较高,而Cu在季节和空间分布上均表现出显著的季节差异,其它重金属的高值区均分布在南昌市中心及老工业园附近;Igeo结果表明Cd、Cu、Zn和Cr的污染程度相对较高,而V、As和Co污染程度较轻;重金属3种暴露途径的风险排序为手-口暴露>皮肤接触暴露>呼吸暴露,其中儿童会遭受更大的非致癌风险。除了灰尘As和Cr对儿童的暴露在局部区域HQ和HI值大于1,其它重金属对不同人群的HQ和HI值均小于1。总体而言,南昌市灰尘重金属的致癌风险CR均在安全阈值范围内,大小排序为Cr > As > Co > Ni > Cd。南昌市灰尘重金属的来源广泛,其中As、Co和V主要来源于岩石风化,其它重金属元素主要来源于交通和工业等人类活动。 关键词： 街道灰尘;重金属;时空分布;健康风险;南昌市     

Competitive adsorption and desorption of arsenate,vanadate, and molybdate onto the low-cost adsorbent materials alum water treatment sludge and bauxite

When low-cost adsorbents are being used to remove contaminant ions (e.g. arsenate, vanadate, and molybdate) from wastewater, competitive adsorption/desorption are central processes determining their removal efficiency. Competitive adsorption of As, V, and Mo was investigated using equimolar oxyanion concentrations in single, binary, and tertiary combinations in adsorption isotherm and pH envelope studies while desorption of previously adsorbed oxyanions was examined in solutions containing single and binary oxyanion combinations. The low-cost adsorbent materials used were alum water treatment sludge (amorphous hydroxy-Al) and bauxite ore (crystalline Al oxides). Adsorption isotherm and pH envelope studies showed that Mo had only a small effect in decreasing adsorption of As and V but V and As had substantial and similar effects in reducing adsorption of the other. As had a greater effect than V in reducing adsorption of Mo and it was concluded that the affinity of oxyanions for the surfaces of water treatment sludge and bauxite followed the order As > V >> Mo. In 0.3 M NaCl electrolyte, desorption of previously adsorbed oxyanions amounted to 0.3–3.4% for V and As, and 11–20% for Mo. As had approximately four times greater effect than Mo in increasing desorption of V while V had about three times the effect of Mo in increasing desorption of As. Thus, the order of oxyanions in inducing desorption of the other oxyanions (i.e. As on V and As) was the same as that for adsorption selectivity: As > V >> Mo. Water treatment sludge was a more effective adsorbent than bauxite because it had a greater adsorption capacity for all three anions and, in addition, they were held more strongly so desorption in the background electrolyte was proportionately less. It was concluded that at similar molar concentrations, arsenate would tend to reduce adsorption of vanadate as well as displace vanadate already held on adsorbent surfaces while both anions will compete effectively with molybdate. The limiting factor for simultaneous removal of As, V, and Mo from multielement solutions by adsorption will therefore be the removal of Mo.     

大功率发信机预调谐技术的应用与研究

随着甚低频通信技术的不断发展,甚低频通信系统的指标测量与验证手段也在不断的完善,由于大功率发信机在调谐技术上存在的诸多问题,本文从理论出发,分析了传统调谐技术的优劣,结合实际工作原理与应力情况,提出了一种大功率发信机调谐系统的软硬件改造方案,有效的解决了大功率发信机的预调谐问题,为大功率发信机的设计、施工、调试、使用以及维护提供了良好的理论与技术支持。