Pharmaceutical compounds in aquatic environment in China: locally screening and environmental risk assessment

An environmental risk assessment was performed for pharmaceutical compounds present in the aquatic environment of China. Predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of the compounds were calculated according to European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) guidelines. Available ecotoxicological data compromised by applying a very conservative assessment factor (AF) were employed to calculate the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC). The screening principle and the risk assessment were based on risk quotient (RQ), which derived from the PEC and related PNEC values. PEC results indicated that all the compounds except sulfadimethoxine and levocarnitine, should carry out phase II risk assessment in EMEA guideline. RQ values suggested that more than 36 pharmaceuticals may be imposed health threats to the aquatic environment; especially the antibiotic therapeutic class including amoxicillin, sulfasalazine, trimethoprim, oxytetracycline and erythromycin showed high RQ values. These substances with high RQ value (RQ≥1) were regarded as top-priority pharmaceuticals for control in the aquatic environment of China. However, the antibiotic substances which had low risk quotient (RQ <1), should be reassessed by its potentially induced resistance under low concentration in future.     

安全系统涌现性模型构建及核心问题研究

为促进安全科学基础理论发展,基于安全问题中蕴含的系统涌现思想,开展安全系统涌现性研究.首先,经辩证分析提取安全科学理论中蕴含的涌现思想,定义安全系统涌现性并建立概念模型;其次,降维分析安全系统复杂性,从多视角剖析涌现性概念;然后,提出安全系统涌现性研究的核心问题与研究方向,并总结其对安全科学研究的意义;最后,从涌现性角...     

对高校体育课武术教学现状及改革的思考

运用访谈法、实地考察法和文献资料法,通过对秦皇岛市部分高校体育课武术教学现状进行调查,发现目前高校体育课武术教学在教材内容、教学时数的设置、教法及手段等方面存在问题,提出了调整教学内容与教学方法、加强理论教学和增加课程总学时等武术教学改革的建议。     

Modelling the response of surface water quality to the urbanization in Xi'an, China

The study investigated the response of surface water quality to urbanization in Xi'an, China. We qualitatively described the change in urban land use from 1996 to 2003, analyzed the status of the surface water environment, and constructed a model of urban expansion to simulate the water environment's response to urbanization. Our results revealed that patterns of land use changed dramatically, the rate of economic growth exceeded that of urbanization during the study period, and increasing urban land use was correlated with fluctuations in water quality. The simulated results suggested that urbanization had reached the environmental carrying capacity based on the average land utility and the marginal costs of pollution.     

厌氧颗粒污泥吸附去除废水中Hg~(2+)的研究

在实验室条件下,以静态、序批的方法研究了厌氧颗粒污泥对废水中Hg2+的吸附特性及环境条件对其吸附能力的影响,并通过红外光谱和能谱对比手段,初步探讨了厌氧颗粒污泥吸附Hg2+的机理.结果表明,厌氧颗粒污泥对Hg2+的吸附过程符合准二级吸附动力学模型,其吸附等温线与Freundlich型拟合得较好(R2=0.9933);pH是影响吸附的重要因素,在pH值为3～8的范围内,吸附量较大,最大为64.64 mg/g,当pH值大于8或小于3时,吸附量逐渐下降;温度对吸附也有一定的影响,但影响程度不明显.红外光谱和能谱分析表明,厌氧颗粒污泥表面功能基团对Hg2+的络合作用是吸附的主要机理,这些基团包括-CH、-CH2、-cH,、P-H、C=O、C-N、P=O、S=O及=C-H,同时在吸附过程中还存在一定的离子交换吸附.     

厌氧颗粒污泥对有机物的初期吸附

在实验室条件下,以静态、序批的方法研究了厌氧颗粒污泥对废水中有机物的初期吸附特性及环境条件对吸附能力的影响.结果表明.与好氧活性污泥相似,厌氧颗粒污泥对有机物的初期吸附速度很快,在10min左右就能达到假定的吸附平衡.初期吸附作用的类型主要表现为物理吸附,占总吸附去除COD的70%左右,其吸附等温线与Freundlich型拟合得较好(R2=0.9702).pH是影响吸附的重要因素,在pH值为5～9的范围内,吸附量较大.平均为131.19mg·g-1.,当pH值大于9或小于5时,吸附量逐渐下降;温度对吸附也有一定的影响,但影响程度不明显.     

耐受重金属的芘降解真菌的筛选及芘降解动力学研究

为了提高复合污染土壤修复的微生物资源的丰富度,为混合菌群修复污染土壤积累资料,利用多环芳烃-重金属双抗培养基在污染土壤中筛选得到一株对Cu和Cd有高耐受性的芘降解真菌,经分子生物学鉴定为米曲霉。探究了米曲霉对芘污染水体的降解效果及对重金属Cu和Cd的耐受程度,利用缺乏生长基质的毒性抑制动力学模型对芘单基质降解过程进行了拟合,以期为后续共代谢、固定化的研究及实际工程应用提供一定的理论支撑。结果表明:(1)米曲霉以芘为单基质代谢时,降解率为33%;(2)米曲霉对重金属Cu和Cd的耐受浓度分别为500 mg/L和50 mg/L,分别高出国家土壤重金属二级标准5倍和83倍;(3)米曲霉对单基质芘的降解符合Crridle提出的毒性抑制动力学简化模型Sc=Sc0·Tb*cX0(1-e-bt)(R2=0.9237)。芘初始浓度Sc0=80 mg/L,米曲霉投加量X0=85 mg/L时,数值拟合得到内源呼吸常数b=0.027,生物转化量Tb*c=0.2875。该米曲霉对单基质芘及重金属Cu和Cd表现出一定的降解性能及耐受性能,故可经过适当强化后作为多环芳烃-重金属污染土壤的微生物修复菌种。     

以吡啶、喹啉和吲哚为单一碳源时反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐积累及动力学研究

以吡啶、喹啉和吲哚为单一碳源,通过摇床实验进行反硝化过程动力学研究。实验结果表明,以吡啶和喹啉为单一碳源的反硝化过程中,NO-2-N的积累率分别达到了53.4%和16.4%;以吲哚为单一碳源的反硝化过程中,NO-2-N的积累现象不明显,最高不超过4%。以NO-3-N+0.6 NO-2-N作为反硝化电子受体,采用基于Monod方程的动态模型进行拟合,拟合曲线与实验测定值相关性良好。其次,采用基于Monod方程的微分方程组模型,也能够很好地拟合3种碳源条件下反硝化过程硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐质量浓度的变化,得到相应的动力学参数。     

PbO2电极的改性及其在难降解有机废水电化学处理中的应用

电化学方法处理难降解有机废水是一种很有前途的技术,其应用的关键是开发出高效、稳定、低成本的电极材料.PbO2电极在工业领域具有广泛的应用基础,具有较高的析氧电势和电催化活性,被认为在电化学处理难降解有机废水方面有重要的应用前景.本文对PbO2电极制备方法与改性以及在难降解有机废水电化学处理中应用的研究成果和最新进展进行了综述,并对该研究领域今后的发展趋势进行了分析.     

蛋白组学分析揭示出阿特拉津对非洲爪蟾的生殖毒性源于其诱导生殖细胞凋亡并干扰紧密连接蛋白和代谢相关信号通路

阿特拉津可对雄性脊椎动物生殖系统造成不良影响，但其中分子机制尚不明了。本文作者将非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)暴露于100 ppb的阿特拉津120 d，利用同位素标记相对和绝对定量(iTRAQ)技术检测了非洲爪蟾睾丸和卵巢中蛋白图谱的变化，结果显示100 ppb阿特拉津可影响爪蟾发育，延迟和阻碍雄性细精管的形成。组学分析显示，睾丸中143种以及卵巢中121种蛋白均表达异常，这些蛋白与细胞凋亡、细胞间紧密连接以及代谢途径相关。
精选自Xiuping Chen, Jiamei Wang, Haojun Zhu, Jiatong Ding and Yufa Peng. Proteomics analysis of Xenopus laevis gonad tissue following chronic exposure to atrazine. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry: Volume 34, Issue 8, pages 1744–1750, August 2015. DOI: 10.1002/etc.2980
详情请见http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.2980/full