流域水文过程对湖泊酸化的影响—ILWAS模型在老虎岭水库的应用

应用美国ILWAS酸雨模型,研究了南宁市老虎岭水库流域在酸雨输入条件下流域水文过程,特别是入湖总径流的构成,对湖水酸碱状态和酸化进程的影响.结果表明,酸雨通过集水区土壤的流动路径是影响地表水酸化的最重要因素之一.     

地理信息系统与生态系统对酸沉降相对敏感性评价

叙述了地理信息系统在生态系统对酸沉降相对敏感性评价中的应用。通过数字化地图建立一４种生态要素的基础评价数据库。讨论了生态系统因子对酸沉降的敏感分级，敏感性评价系统和评价模型。最后介绍了生态系统对酸沉降敏感指数制图。     

Electrochemical oxidation of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds at boron-doped diamond electrode

Nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) are toxic and bio-refractory contaminants widely spread in environment. This study investigated electrochemical degradation of NHCs at boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode with particular attention to the effect of different number and position of nitrogen atoms in molecular structure. Five classical NHCs with similar structures including indole (ID), quinoline (QL), isoquinoline (IQL), benzotriazole (BT) and benzimidazole (BM) were selected as the target compounds. Results of bulk electrolysis showed that degradation of all NHCs was fit to a pseudo first-order equation. The five compounds were degraded with the following sequence: ID > QL > IQL > BT > BM in terms of their rates of oxidation. Quantum chemical calculation was combined with experimental results to describe the degradation character of NHCs at BDD anode. A linear relationship between degradation rate and delocalization energy was observed, which demonstrated that electronic charge was redistributed through the conjugation system and accumulated at the active sites under the attack of hydroxyl radicals produced at BDD anode. Moreover, atom charge was calculated by semi empirical PM3 method and active sites of NHCs were identified respectively. Analysis of intermediates by GC-MS showed agreement with calculation results.     

电沉积处理电解锌漂洗废水的实验研究

采用电沉积技术对电解锌漂洗废水进行初步处理,以求达到废水回用和重金属锌的回收。研究了电沉积法处理含锌废水过程中各个影响因素对电沉积效果的影响,并且设计了正交实验。结果表明,极板间距、槽电压、进水pH、极板材料等对二维电沉积处理模拟废水具有显著影响。适宜的电沉积条件是：极板间距20 mm、槽电压5～6 V、阴极板材料为铝板、电沉积时间为30～45 min。     

Fe/Ce/沸石负载型类芬顿催化剂制备及其特性

采用柠檬酸盐溶胶-凝胶法制备了Fe/Ce/沸石负载型芬顿催化剂,通过透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其进行表征,并将其作为非均相类芬顿催化剂处理孔雀石绿染料溶液。研究表明,通过掺杂Ce,可提高催化剂颗粒分散度和催化剂表面的氧气含量,进而提高催化活性。在催化剂投加量3.0 g/L,H2O2投加量67 mg/L,pH=8.0的条件下,反应30 min后,浓度为150 mg/L的孔雀石绿溶液脱色率可达97.3%。     

微系统人机界面的安全信息流模型构建及其应用

为提高系统安全水平,进一步丰富安全系统学理论内容,对微系统内人机界面的安全信息流过程、模型及其应用进行深入研究。论述安全信息流与人机交互过程理论,为模型构建奠定理论基础;运用安全模型原理,从信息传播角度建立人机界面的安全信息流模型并分析模型的内涵和意义;将所建模型应用于具体情景的仿真模拟,以验证其适用性和合理性。研究结果表明:模型刻画了系统内安全信息流动轨迹,有利于揭示系统安全演化行为机理,对提高系统安全水平具有重要的理论指导意义。     

Upgrading VFAs bioproduction from waste activated sludge via co-fermentation with soy sauce residue

SSR addition upgraded VFAs production from WAS. Structure modification by pretreatments led to performance distinctions. Distinctions in microbial community was observed by pretreatments selection. Up to 0.49‒0.65 billion €/year of market value potential was preliminary estimated. Conditioning of extra carbon sources has been widely reported to facilitate fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS). Soy sauce residue (SSR) was a relatively untapped carbon source for sludge conditioning. This batch study aimed to evaluate the possible implementation of SSR for volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production from WAS. To upgrade the bioavailability of feedstock, three typical pretreatment methods were conducted, i.e., ammonium hydroxide (AH), sulfuric acids (SA) and thermal assisted alkaline (TA). AH pretreated test (AH-PT) outperformed due to a relatively strong structure decomposition of cellulosic materials as revealed by infrared spectroscopic analysis and crystal index. As a result, performed a high hydrolysis rate of 4449 mg COD/d, 1.12-1.23-fold higher than that in TA and SA pretreated tests (TA-PT and SA-PT), and 7.8-fold higher than that in the Control test. Meanwhile, a volatile fatty acids (VFAs) contribution of 401.2 mg COD/g SSR∙L and a maximum acidification rate of 3.59 d^-1 was recorded, with a high sum proportion of mall molecular acetic and propionic 82.2%, 11% ‒70% increase over the other three tests. Besides, speciation process characterized with functional genus differentiation was identified by microbial diversity and distribution investigation and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). Finally, a potential market value of 0.49‒0.65 Billion €/year was preliminary estimated, showing promise of resource recovery from both WAS and SSR instead of extensive disposal.     

Microbial Degradation of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-4-Hydroxybutyrate) in Soil

The microbial degradation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P3/4HB) copolymers with different 4HB molar fraction were investigated in soil for 60?days. In the degradation process, changes in weight loss and molecular weight were periodically measured to determine the biodegradability; the surface morphology also was observed using scanning electron microscopy and polarizing optical microscopy. The results showed that the rate of degradation of P3/4HB depends strongly on its crystallinity and surface morphology. Enzymatic degradation, which proceeded via surface erosion mechanisms, was observed mainly during the degradation period in soil. The amorphous interspherulitic regions and crystal center were prone to degrade.     

延长地下流体观测井使用期限的工程改造方案研究

本文介绍了如何延长怀来台4号观测井观测年限的一种有效、科学的改造方案;本方案的关键就是对于这种高温自流泉井,如何降低取水口,并在水温高达88℃的条件下如何开展项目实施;此改造设计方案可以推广其它台站参考。     

生物阳极型MFC对磺胺喹噁啉的降解性能研究

磺胺喹噁啉（Sulfaquinoxaline,SQX）作为一种磺胺类抗生素,广泛用于禽畜球虫病防治,易在环境中残留从而造成环境污染,对其降解研究较少.本研究通过微生物燃料电池（Microbial fuel cells,MFCs）,以10 mg·L^-1 SQX和乙酸钠为底物研究SQX降解特性、电化学性能、产物生物毒性及菌群结构.结果表明,SQX降解率随着乙酸钠浓度的升高先增大后减小,其中SQX与TOC在10 d内最大降解率分别为87.1%和94.0%;MFC体系的最大功率密度和输出电压分别为309.8 mW·m^-2和0.702 V;大肠杆菌和青海弧菌Q67毒性实验结果表明,SQX经MFC处理后可有效降低生物毒性;通过LC-TOF/MS分析,SQX生物降解过程中的主要中间产物,推测出羟基化反应、磺酰胺键断裂、吡嗪环C-N键断裂、水解反应、分子重排等降解路径;微生物群落分析表明,MFC阳极体系中Terrimonas、Aquamicrobium、Thiobacillus等菌属与SQX生物降解相关.