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Liu Yanhua Ge Quansheng Fang Xiuqi Zhang Xueqin . Ministry of Science Technology of the People’s Republic of China Beijing China . Chinese National Committee for the International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Enviornmental Change Beijing . Institute of Geographical Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences . School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2011,9(1):3-8
The concept of security has been redefined since the 1990s. As one of the important factors threatening human security, global environmental change has become a new challenge to the national security and social development. The national security problems caused by global environmental change, on one hand, are closely related to the global environmental problems, and, on the other hand, are manifested in the conflicts of international affairs. The global environmental change severely challenges the future de... 相似文献
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Lingbo Xiao Xiuqi Fang Yujie Zhang Yu Ye Huan Huang 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(2):583-595
How the past human society responded to climatic disasters could provide better understanding on the nature of climate–human–ecosystem interactions and the knowledge of the vulnerability for the society in the context of changing climate. In this paper, the North China Plain in the Qing dynasty (1644–1911) is selected as a typical regional social-ecological system; with historical information kept in official documents, social responsive behavior and measures to flood/drought (e.g., reclamation, disaster relief, migration, revolt) are quantitatively described with proxy indicator time-series. It is found that the dominant responsive strategy altered significantly in different stages: (1) stage of cropland expansion (1644–1720); (2) stage of governmental disaster relief (1721–1780); (3) stage of increasing climate refugees (1781–1860); (4) stage of revolt and emigration (1861–1911). The multi-stage evolution of social response was impacted by various natural and social factors: (1) regional population–food balance and governmental finance were the most important limiting factors; (2) the interaction between the governmental policy and refugees’ behavior in disasters affected the social consequences to a certain extent; (3) decadal-to-multi-decadal climate change would also impact the social response measures, even directly trigger the shift of dominant responsive strategy. This study would be helpful for deeper understanding of social resilience and better responding to climate change and extreme events in the present and future. 相似文献
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Vegetation of Northeast China during the late seventeenth to early twentieth century as revealed by historical documents 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Xuezhen Zhang Wei-Chyung Wang Xiuqi Fang Yu Ye Jingyun Zheng 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(4):869-882
Historical vegetation antedates current anthropogenic land use. It can therefore be used to reveal land use/cover changes
due to human activities. We collected 197 records from Chinese historical documents, including gazettes, government files,
private literature, and travel notes, to reveal vegetation status during the late seventeenth century to early twentieth century
across Northeast China. The results indicate that woodland and grassland were the dominant landscapes, whereas swamps accounted
for a small area. Woodland was composed of needleleaf deciduous forest, broadleaf deciduous forest, and mixed needleleaf and
broadleaf forest. Mixed forest occupied the largest area. This forest type covered most of the Greater Khingan Range, Lesser
Khingan Range, and Changbai Mountains. Grassland occupied the Songnen Plain, Liao River Plain, and Inner Mongolia Plateau,
whereas swamps covered nearly the entire Sanjiang Plain. In addition, the data revealed that most current cropland was converted
from grassland in the Northeast Plain, whereas a small area of cropland was converted from woodland and swamp. 相似文献
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Xiuqi Fang Benyong Wei Yuan Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(3):387-402
With the increase in international trade, more attention has been given to quantifying the impacts of international trade on energy use and carbon emissions. Input-output analysis is a suitable tool for assessing resources or pollutants embodied in trade and it has become a critical tool for performing such analysis. This study estimated the national and sectoral carbon emissions embodied in Chinese international trade using the latest available China input-output table of 2007. The results showed that a significant exporting behavior of embodied carbon emissions existed in China??s trade. Over 1/3 of the emissions in Chinese domestic production processes were generated for exports in 2007. The net balance of emissions embodied in exports and imports accounted for nearly 30% of China??s domestic emissions, which means that any policy made to increase the exports would result in a significant growth of China??s domestic emissions. Since over half of China??s export trade is processing trade, the re-exported emissions could not be overlooked; otherwise, it would hard to capture the actual emissions generated abroad to obtain China??s domestic consumption. The enlargement of export scale is a primary driven factor to the rapid growth of China??s exported emissions. It is necessary for China to adjust its economic and industrial structure to reduce the dependence of economic growth on the export trade. However, when adjusting industry structures or making policies on carbon emission reduction, it will be more reasonable to consider the relationship between production and consumption, rather than just focus on the emission values of sectors?? direct production, as a large part of carbon emissions emitted by the principal direct polluters were generated to obtain the products which were required by other sectors. 相似文献